Islam Tees

Islam Tees Group of brothers & sisters organizing lessons & events to increase knowledge of Islam.

Original name Islam Teesside was established in Dec 2009 (see date on X account) but later shortened to Islam Tees.

"Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the tormen...
04/09/2026

"Our Lord! Give us in this world that which is good and in the Hereafter that which is good, and save us from the torment of the Fire!"

Link: https://www.thenoblequran.com/q/ #/verse/2/201

Hadith reminder: "In Paradise there is a street to which they would come every Friday..."
04/09/2026

Hadith reminder: "In Paradise there is a street to which they would come every Friday..."

A Warning Against the Deviance & Misguidance of Muhammad Suroor
03/09/2026

A Warning Against the Deviance & Misguidance of Muhammad Suroor

Part 7 (Final) - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐡𝐥𝐮𝐬-𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐥-...
03/09/2026

Part 7 (Final) - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐡𝐥𝐮𝐬-𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐥-𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐚’𝐚𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐊𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐣 (𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧) - 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐨 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐟.

Abū al-Qāsim al-Asbahānī (d. 535H) wrote, quoting the speech of Abū al-Mudhaffar al-Sam'ānī (d. 489H):

"𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐰𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐡 (𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐚𝐝𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐡𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧) 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐨𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐚𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬, 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭, 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 (𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐬 (𝐢𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐝), 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 (𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭) 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬, 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 (𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐰𝐧) 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬, 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 (𝐢𝐧 𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐨𝐧), 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐰𝐚𝐲, 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐢𝐭 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐝𝐨 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐝𝐨 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 (𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐧𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐥𝐬𝐞) 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐭. 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐬𝐚𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 (𝐩𝐚𝐭𝐡) 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐧𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝐨𝐧𝐞. 𝐘𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦, 𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐟 𝐢𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐛𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐧𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐭. 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫, 𝐢𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐞𝐧 (𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝) 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐞𝐬, 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐲 𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐫𝐬, 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐬 𝐢𝐟 𝐢𝐭 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐭, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐞𝐧 (𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝) 𝐮𝐩𝐨𝐧 𝐚 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞 𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐮𝐞. 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐲 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐜𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬? "

𝐴𝑙-𝐻𝑢𝑗𝑗𝑎ℎ 𝑓𝑖 𝐵𝑎𝑦𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙-𝑀𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑗𝑗𝑎ℎ (𝑇𝑎ℎ𝑞𝑖𝑞 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑏𝑢 𝑅𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑚, 𝐷𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑙-𝑅𝑎𝑦𝑎ℎ) 2/224-225. 𝑆𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒: 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 & 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐾𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐴𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑠 - 𝐴 𝑈𝑠𝑒𝑓𝑢𝑙 𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠, 𝐴𝑏𝑢 '𝑙𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑚𝑗𝑎𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞, 𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 𝑤𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛 2018, 1𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑂𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑒𝑟 2025, 𝑝. 75.

Those major scholars and great Imāms (and all those many others who also firmly held onto the sound creed and pristine methodology) lived in different eras and lands but were all united upon the haqq, supporting and defending it, not fearing the blame of the blamers or (perceived) loss of worldly benefits. They took clear stances and unwavering positions, may Allāh reward them all and have mercy upon them.

Compiled by Abū Yahyā Imrān Rafīq, 1448/03/20AH (02/09/2026).

03/09/2026

Part 6 - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐡𝐥𝐮𝐬-𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐥-𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐚’𝐚𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐊𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐣 (𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧) - 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐨 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐟.

𝟭𝟲. 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗮𝗹-𝗤𝗮𝘆𝘆𝗶𝗺 𝗮𝗹-𝗝𝗮𝘄𝘇𝗶𝘆𝘆𝗮𝗵 (𝗱.𝟳𝟱𝟭𝗛)

“This is a great topic, containing much benefit and due to ignorance of this topic a great mistake has fallen upon the Sharee’ah…” up until he said, after mentioning that the basis of the Sharee’ah is built upon the welfare and benefits of the servants: “…The Prophet (sallallaahu ‘alaihi-wasallam) legislated for his ummah, the obligation of rejecting the evil so that by its rejection, the goodness that Allaah and His Messenger love is obtained. And when rejecting the evil leads to what is more evil and more hated by Allaah and His Messenger then it is not allowed to reject it – even if Allaah hates it and detests those who perform it (the evil). And this is like rejection [inkaar] against the kings, and the ones in authority by coming out against them [with arms etc. to fight them] – for verily, that is the basis and foundation of every evil (sharr) and every tribulation (fitnah) till the end of time.”

𝐼’𝑙𝑎𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑙-𝑀𝑢𝑤𝑎𝑞𝑞𝑖’𝑒𝑒𝑛.

𝟭𝟳. 𝗠𝘂𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗱 𝗜𝗯𝗻 ‘𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘂𝗹-𝗪𝗮𝗵𝗵ā𝗯 (𝗱.𝟭𝟮𝟬𝟲𝗛)

“And I hold the obligation of listening to and obeying the Muslim rulers, the righteous amongst them and the sinful ones, as long as they do not command disobedience to Allaah. And whoever takes hold of the caliphate and the people have united upon him and are pleased with him, or he has overtaken them with his sword up until he becomes the caliph, obedience to him is obligatory And it is unlawful to revolt against him.”

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑘ℎ 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝐼𝑏𝑛 ‘𝐴𝑏𝑑𝑢𝑙-𝑊𝑎ℎℎ𝑎𝑎𝑏 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙-𝑄𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑒𝑚, 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘, 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ‘𝐴𝑞𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑎ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑟, 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝐼𝑏𝑛 ‘𝐴𝑏𝑑𝑢𝑙-𝑊𝑎ℎℎ𝑎𝑎𝑏, 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑘ℎ 𝐷𝑟. 𝑆𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑖ℎ 𝐼𝑏𝑛 𝐹𝑎𝑤𝑧𝑎𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙-𝐹𝑎𝑤𝑧𝑎𝑎𝑛, 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑀𝑎𝑎𝑧 𝑄𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑖.

𝟭𝟴. 𝗜𝗯𝗻 ‘𝗨𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘆𝗺𝗶𝗻 (𝗱.𝟭𝟰𝟮𝟭𝗛)

“And rebelling against the ruler, there is no doubt it is from the most corrupt of innovations, the most vile of them and the most evil of them. The ummah was not torn to pieces except due to rebelling against its rulers. The strange thing is that those who rebelled against the rulers, their (stated) aim is rectitude, and they call out with rectitude, they call out with rectification. Until the Messenger of Allāh (sallallaahu ‘alaihi-wasallam) informed that the Companions would belittle their own prayer and recitation compared to theirs (the Khārijites who rebelled], however that their faith, and refuge is from Allāh, will not pass their throats. We ask Allāh for pardon.”

𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟ℎ 𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑙-𝐴𝑑ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑆𝑎ℎ𝑖ℎ 𝑎𝑙-𝐵𝑢𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑖, 𝐶𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑒 7. 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑏𝑢 𝐼𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑚𝑗𝑎𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞. 𝐴𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒: http://www.kharijites.com/kj/assets/audios/uthaymin-khuruj-corrupt-bidah.mp3

03/09/2026

Part 5 - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐡𝐥𝐮𝐬-𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐥-𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐚’𝐚𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐊𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐣 (𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧) - 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐨 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐟.

𝟭𝟯. 𝗔𝗯ū ‘𝗨𝘁𝗵𝗺ā𝗻 𝗜𝘀𝗺ā’𝗲𝗲𝗹 𝗔𝘀-𝗦ā𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗲 (𝗱.𝟰𝟰𝟵𝗛)

“The People of Hadeeth hold that the prayers of al-Jumu’ah, the two Eids and any other prayer, can be performed behind every Muslim Imaam irrespective of whether he is righteous or immoral.
They also hold that Jihaad against the disbelievers is valid with them, even if they are oppressors and tyrants. They agree to make supplications for them, asking to rectify their situation, to be given tawfeeq and to establish justice amongst their subjects. They do not deem permissible rebellion against the leaders by the sword even if they are unjust and tyrannical. They say that the extremists (transgressive group) should be fought until they return to the obedience of the just Imaam.”

‘𝐴𝑞𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑠-𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑓 𝐴𝑠’ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑢𝑙-𝐻𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ (𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑖𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑠 & 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ), 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟 24 – 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑢𝑠 & 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐼𝑚𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑙, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐽𝑖ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚.

𝟭𝟰. 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗤𝘂𝗱ā𝗺𝗮𝗵 𝗮𝗹-𝗠𝗮𝗾𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗲𝗲 (𝗱.𝟲𝟮𝟬𝗛)

“From the Sunnah is: Hearing and obeying the Muslim leaders and the Khaleefahs (Ameer-ul-Muslimeen), the righteous from among them as well as the evil. This is so long as they do not command us with disobedience to Allaah, for indeed, there is no obedience to anyone if it involves disobedience to Allaah.

It is obligatory to obey: Whoever is given the Khilaafah while the people agree and are pleased with him, as well as (to obey) the one who fought against the people till he became the Khaleefah and was proclaimed “Ameer-ul-Mu’mineen.” Opposing him, revolting against him and sowing the seeds of dissension amongst the Muslims against him is forbidden.”

𝐿𝑢𝑚’𝑎𝑡-𝑢𝑙-‘𝐼𝑡𝑖𝑞𝑎𝑎𝑑 (𝑆𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑) 𝑏𝑦 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚 𝐼𝑏𝑛 𝑄𝑢𝑑𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑎ℎ 𝐴𝑙-𝑀𝑎𝑞𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑒, 𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑, 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑠.

𝟭𝟱. 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗧𝗮𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘆𝘆𝗮𝗵 (𝗱.𝟳𝟮𝟴𝗛)

“In addition, ahl as-sunnah wa al-jama’ah do not pronounce disbelief on ahl al-qiblah (the people of the qiblah i.e. Muslims) due to an act of disobedience or major sin as the Khawarij do. Rather, the faith-based brotherhood remains despite the existence of sins.

As Allaah says:
𝐎 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐝, 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐢𝐬 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐦𝐮𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 – 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐫𝐞𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐥𝐚𝐯𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐥𝐞. 𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 [𝐢.𝐞., 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐫] 𝐚𝐧𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐛𝐞 𝐚 𝐬𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰-𝐮𝐩 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐢𝐦 [𝐢.𝐞., 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐝’𝐬 𝐡𝐞𝐢𝐫 𝐨𝐫 𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞] 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭. 𝐓𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐋𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚 𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐲. 𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐚 𝐩𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐮𝐥 𝐩𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭.
[Surah al-Baqarah 2:178]

And He has said:
𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐟 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐰𝐨. 𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝐢𝐟 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐥 𝐢𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐡. 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐟 𝐢𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐥𝐲. 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐞𝐝, 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐣𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐥𝐲. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐬𝐨 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐬. 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐦𝐚𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐞𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐲.”
[Surah al-Hujurat 49:9-10]

𝐴𝑙-‘𝐴𝑞𝑖𝑑𝑎ℎ 𝑎𝑙-𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑦𝑎ℎ, 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑛 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑛, 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘, 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑙-𝐴𝑞𝑖𝑑𝑎ℎ 𝑎𝑙-𝑊𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑦𝑎ℎ, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑘ℎ 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑖ℎ 𝑎𝑙-‘𝑈𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛.

03/09/2026

Part 4 - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐡𝐥𝐮𝐬-𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐥-𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐚’𝐚𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐊𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐣 (𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧) - 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐨 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐟.

𝟭𝟬. 𝗮𝘁-𝗧𝗮𝗵𝗮𝘄ī (𝗱.𝟯𝟮𝟭𝗛)

“And we do not hold rebelling against our rulers and those in authority over our affairs. Even if they oppress. And we do not make supplication against them. And we do not take our hand away from obedience to them. And we hold that obedience to them is a part of obedience to Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, an obligation as long as they do not command with something sinful. And we make supplication for them that they be rectified and kept safe and secure. And we follow the Sunnah and the jamaa’ah (the united body upon the truth) and we avoid separation and differing and splitting.”

𝐴𝑞𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑎ℎ 𝑎𝑡-𝑇𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑤𝑖𝑦𝑦𝑎ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚 𝐴𝑏𝑢 𝐽𝑎𝑓𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑡-𝑇𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑤𝑖, 𝑃𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 157–163.

And Ibn Abil-Izz al-Hanafi (d.731H) said in his explanation of Aqidah at-Tahawiyyah:

“And as for adhering to obedience to them (the Rulers), even if they commit oppression, then this is because the evils and harms that arise on account of rebelling against them is numerous times more than that which occurs as a result of the oppression of the Rulers themselves. Rather, in having patience over their oppression there is expiation of sins, and a multiplication of the reward.

For Allaah did not empower them over us, except due to the corruption in our actions, and the recompense for an action is its like (al-jazaa’u min jins il-‘amal). Hence, it is upon us to strive (ijtihaad) in seeking forgiveness, making repentance and rectification of our actions.”

𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟ℎ 𝐴𝑞𝑖𝑑𝑎ℎ 𝑎𝑡-𝑇𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑤𝑖𝑦𝑦𝑎ℎ (1/430).

11. 𝙖𝙡-𝘽𝙖𝙧𝙗ā𝙝𝙖𝙧𝙚𝙚 (𝙙.329𝙃)

“Whoever rebels against a Muslim ruler is one of the Khawaarij, has caused dissent within the Muslims and has contradicted the narrations and dies a death of the days of ignorance (Jaahiliyyah).

It is neither permissible to fight the ruler or to rebel against him, even if he oppresses. This is due to the saying of the Messenger of Allah to Abu Dharr al-Ghifaaree, “Have patience, even if he is an Abyssinian slave” and his saying to the Ansaar, “Have patience until you meet me at the Pool.” There is no fighting against the ruler in the Sunnah. It causes destruction of the religion and the worldly affairs.”

𝐾𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑎𝑏 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟ℎ 𝑢𝑠-𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑎ℎ (𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑) 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 33-34, 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑏𝑢 𝑇𝑎𝑙ℎ𝑎ℎ 𝐷𝑎𝑎𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑏𝑛 𝑅𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑑 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘 (𝑟𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎ℎ), 𝐴𝑙-𝐻𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑓 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 1995, 𝑝𝑝.42-43.

𝟭𝟮. 𝗮𝗹-Ā𝗷𝘂𝗿𝗿ī (𝗱. 𝟯𝟲𝟬𝗛)

“It is not permissible for the one who sees the uprising of a Khārijite who has revolted against the leader, whether [the leader] is just or oppressive – so this person has revolted and gathered a group behind him, has pulled out his sword and has made lawful the killing of Muslims – it is not fitting for the one who sees this, that he becomes deceived by this person’s recitation of the Qur’ān, the length of his standing in prayer, nor his constant fasting, nor his good and excellent words in knowledge when it is clear to him that this person’s way and methodology is that of the Khārijites.”

𝐴𝑙-𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖’𝑎ℎ (𝑝. 28), 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘, 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐾ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑗𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 – 𝐻𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑅𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐼𝑑𝑒𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐵𝑟𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑑, 𝐻𝑖𝑧𝑏 𝐴𝑙-𝑇𝑎ℎ𝑟𝑖𝑟, 𝐴𝑙-𝑄𝑎𝑎’𝑖𝑑𝑎ℎ, 𝐴𝑙-𝑁𝑢𝑠𝑟𝑎ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐼𝑆𝐼𝑆, 𝐴𝑏𝑢 ‘𝐼𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑚𝑗𝑎𝑑 𝑏𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞, 𝑆𝑒𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 2025, 𝑝𝑝. 142-143.

03/09/2026

Part 3 - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐡𝐥𝐮𝐬-𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐥-𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐚’𝐚𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐊𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐣 (𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧) - 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐨 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐟.

𝟲. 𝗮𝗹-𝗕𝘂𝗸𝗵𝗮𝗿ī (𝗱.𝟮𝟱𝟲𝗛)

“And that we do not contend with or attempt to take away the command from those assigned with it (i.e., the rulers) due to the saying of the Messenger (sallallahu alaihi wasallam), “There are three things towards which the heart of a Muslim never shows hatred or rancour: making ones action sincerely for the sake of Allaah, giving obedience to the rulers (wulaatul-amr) and sticking to their group (jamaa’ah). For verily, their supplication encompasses those who are behind them (i.e., those whom they rule over).” Then this is confirmed in His saying:

𝐎 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐯𝐞! 𝐎𝐛𝐞𝐲 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐚𝐚𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 (𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬) 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲. [Soorah an-Nisaa (4):59]

And that the sword is not to be raised against (any of) of the Ummah of Muhammad (sallallahu alaihi wasallam).

And al-Fudayl said, “If I had a supplication that would be answered, I would not make it except for the leader (Imaam) because when the leader becomes righteous, the towns and the servants become safe and secure.”

Ibn al-Mubaarak said (in reference to the above saying of al-Fudayl), “O teacher of goodness, who would show boldness towards this besides you?”

𝐴𝑙-𝐿𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑘𝑎𝑎’𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟ℎ 𝑈𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑙 𝐼’𝑡𝑖𝑞𝑎𝑎𝑑 𝐴ℎ𝑙𝑢𝑠-𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑎ℎ (2/172), 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 𝑇ℎ𝑒 ‘𝐴𝑞𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑎ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚 𝑎𝑙-𝐵𝑢𝑘ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖, 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑏𝑢 ‘𝐼𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑚𝑗𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑏𝑛 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝑏𝑢 𝑇𝑎𝑙ℎ𝑎ℎ 𝐷𝑎𝑎𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑏𝑛 𝑅𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑑 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘 (𝑟𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑎ℎ𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑎ℎ), 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑖 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐹𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑦 2004, 𝑝𝑝.40-41.

𝟳. 𝗜𝘀𝗺𝗮’ī𝗹 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗬𝗮𝗵𝘆𝗮 𝗮𝗹-𝗠𝘂𝘇𝗮𝗻ī (𝗱.𝟮𝟲𝟰𝗛)

“And obedience to the ruler in whatever is pleasing to Allah (Azza wa Jal) and remaining far away from whatever is displeasing to Him. And abandoning revolt in response to their hostility and oppression. And repenting to Allah (Azza wa Jal) in order that they become inclined towards their subjects.”

𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑙-𝑀𝑢𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑖’𝑠 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟ℎ𝑢𝑠-𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑎ℎ, 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑁𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑦𝑘ℎ, 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑢𝑓𝑡𝑖, 𝑎𝑙-‘𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎ℎ 𝐴ℎ𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝐼𝑏𝑛 𝑌𝑎ℎ𝑦𝑎 𝑎𝑛-𝑁𝑎𝑗𝑚𝑖 (𝑑.1429𝐻), 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑎ℎ 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 1432𝐻/𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑐ℎ 2011𝐶𝐸, 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑀𝑎𝑎𝑧 𝑄𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑖, 𝑈𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔, “𝑂𝑏𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜ℎ𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑔𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑚”, 𝑝.81.

𝟴. 𝗔𝗯ū 𝗭𝘂𝗿’𝗮𝗵 𝗮𝗿-𝗥ā𝘇ī (𝗱.𝟮𝟲𝟰𝗛) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗯ū 𝗛ā𝘁𝗶𝗺 𝗮𝗿-𝗥ā𝘇ī (𝗱.𝟮𝟳𝟳𝗛)

“23. And we establish the obligation of Jihad and Hajj alongside the Muslim rulers in every time and age.

24. We do not hold it permissible to revolt against the rulers, and we do not fight in times of tribulation, we hear and we obey those whom Allah has placed over our affairs (i.e. the rulers) and we do not remove ourselves from obedience [to them].

25. We follow the Sunnah and the Jama’ah; and we leave off contradiction, differing and splitting.”

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑧𝑖𝑦𝑎𝑦𝑛, 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑖 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦: 𝐴𝑏𝑢 𝐾ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑒𝑗𝑎ℎ 𝐴𝑏𝑑𝑢𝑙-𝑊𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑑 𝐴𝑙𝑎𝑚, 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐴𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑠𝑡 2016 𝐶𝐸; 𝐷ℎ𝑢𝑙-𝑄𝑎’𝑑𝑎ℎ 1437𝐴𝐻, 𝑝𝑝.5-6.

𝟵. 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗯 𝗯. 𝗜𝘀𝗺ā’ī𝗹 𝗮𝗹-𝗞𝗶𝗿𝗺ā𝗻ī (𝗱.𝟮𝟴𝟬𝗛)

“To comply (in obedience) with whomever Allāh (Azza wa Jal) has placed in authority over your affair. Do not remove your hand from his obedience and do not revolt against him with the sword, but [have patience] until Allāh grants you relief and makes a way out for you. You should not revolt against the ruler, but hear and obey. Do not violate your pledge of allegiance to him. Whoever does that is an innovator, an opposer, one who has separated from the jamā’ah.

If the ruler commands you with an affair which entails disobedience to Allāh, it is not for you to obey him at all. But it is not for you to revolt against him (either), and you should not withhold the right due to him.”

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚 𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑏 𝑏. 𝐼𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑎’𝑖𝑙 𝑎𝑙-𝐾𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑖 (𝑑. 280𝐻), 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 & 𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠

03/09/2026

Part 2 - 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐰𝐚𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐚𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐡𝐥𝐮𝐬-𝐒𝐮𝐧𝐧𝐚𝐡 𝐰𝐚𝐥-𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐚𝐚’𝐚𝐡 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐊𝐡𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐨𝐣 (𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧) - 𝐄𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐲 𝐓𝐨 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐟.

𝟯. 𝗦𝘂𝗳𝘆𝗮𝗮𝗻 𝗜𝗯𝗻 𝗦𝗮’𝗲𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝘁𝗵-𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘄𝗿𝗲𝗲 (𝗱. 𝟭𝟲𝟭𝗛)

Muhammad ibn ‘Abdur-Rahmaan ibn ‘Abbaas informed us, saying: Abul-Fadl Shu’ayb ibn Muhammad ibn Raajiyaan narrated to us, in the year 257H, saying: I heard Shu’ayb ibn Harb saying, “I said to Aboo ‘Abdullaah Sufyaan ibn Sa’eed ath-Thawree, ‘Narrate to me a saying from the Sunnah by which Allaah, the Mighty and Majestic, will benefit me, so that when I stand in front of Allaah, the Blessed and Exalted, and He asks me concerning it’, saying, ‘From where did you take this?’ I will say, ‘O my Lord, Sufyaan ath-Thawree narrated this saying to me and I took it from him…’ so that I am saved and (then) you are questioned for it.’ So Sufyaan said, ‘O Shu’ayb, this is an assurance and what (other) assurance (can be better than this)? Write …
In the Name of Allaah, the Most-Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy.
The Qur’aan is the Word of Allaah. It is not created. It originated from Him and to Him it will return. Whoever says other than this is a disbeliever … O Shu’ayb, what you have written will not benefit you until you: … hold the necessity of patiently remaining under the flag (i.e. leadership) of the Ruler (sultaan) whether he is an oppressor or just.’ [Refer to Sharh Usoolul-I’tiqaad (7/1229-1233), Al-I’tiqaad of al-Bayhaqee (pp. 242-246) and As-Sunnah of Ibn Abee ‘Aasim (pp. 508-511)].

𝑀𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑛𝑜𝑤𝑙𝑒𝑑𝑔𝑒 – 𝐼𝑛ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑡𝑠, 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐹𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑚𝑗𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑏𝑛 𝑀𝑢ℎ𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞, 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑖𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑏𝑜𝑜 𝑇𝑎𝑙ℎ𝑎ℎ 𝐷𝑎𝑎𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑏𝑛 𝑅𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑑 𝐵𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘, 𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑖 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 1419𝐻/1998, 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑝𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑇𝑤𝑜 – 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝐶𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚 𝑆𝑢𝑓𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑛 𝐼𝑏𝑛 𝑆𝑎’𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝐴𝑡ℎ-𝑇ℎ𝑎𝑤𝑟𝑒𝑒 (𝑑. 161𝐻), 𝑝𝑝. 19-21 𝑎𝑛𝑑 30.

𝟰. ‘𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘂𝗹𝗹ā𝗵 𝗯𝗶𝗻 𝗮𝗹-𝗠𝘂𝗯ā𝗿𝗮𝗸 (𝗱. 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝗛)

“Whoever spoke of [the obligation of] praying behind every righteous or sinful [leader], made jihad behind every leader, did not view [the permissibility] of revolting against the leader with the sword and supplicated for their rectification has departed from the statement of the Kharijites, from its beginning to its end.”

𝐴𝑙-𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑎ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝑖𝑛 𝑆ℎ𝑎𝑟ℎ 𝑎𝑙-𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑎ℎ (𝑝. 129) & 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑙-𝑄𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑙-𝐾𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑙𝑖 𝐾ℎ𝑎𝑤𝑎𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑗 ʿ𝐴𝑎𝑠𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐼𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑎ℎ𝑖𝑚 𝑏𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑎𝑎𝑙𝑖ℎ 𝑏𝑖𝑛 𝐻𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑑, 𝐷𝑎𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑙-𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑚 𝑀𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑖𝑚, 1436𝐻, 𝑝. 434-435.

𝟱. 𝗔𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗱 𝗶𝗯𝗻 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗹 (𝗱. 𝟮𝟰𝟭𝗛)

“And whoever revolts against a leader from among the leaders of the Muslims, after the people had agreed upon him and united themselves behind him, after they had affirmed the khilaafah for him, in whatever way this khilaafah may have been, by their pleasure and acceptance or by (his) force and domination [over them], then this revolter has disobeyed the Muslims, and has contradicted the narrations of the Messenger of Allaah (sallallahu alaihi wasallam). And if the one who revolted against the ruler died he would have died the death of ignorance.

And the killing of the one in power is not lawful, and nor is it permissible for anyone amongst the people to revolt against him. Whoever does that is an innovator, (and is) upon other than the Sunnah and the [correct] path.”

𝑈𝑠𝑜𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑠-𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑎ℎ (𝐹𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑢𝑛𝑛𝑎ℎ) 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 53-54, 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑏𝑢 𝐼𝑦𝑎𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑚𝑗𝑎𝑑 𝑅𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑞, 𝐴𝑙-𝑀𝑎𝑘𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑎ℎ 𝐴𝑠-𝑆𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑦𝑦𝑎ℎ 𝑃𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝐹𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝐸𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝐴𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑠𝑡 1997, 𝑝𝑝.37-38.

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