02/26/2026
The Four Mitzvos of Purim
Mikra Megillah Reading the Megillah
Every Jewish adult must hear the Megillah twice: once on Purim night and once during the day (Shulchan Aruch, OC 687:1). Women share this obligation equally (Mishnah Brurah 689:1). You must hear every word from a kosher scroll; if you miss even one word, you have not fulfilled the mitzvah (SA OC 690:3). If you lose your place, follow along quietly in a chumash and rejoin the reader as soon as possible. Arrive on time and silence your phone.
Additionally, on the Shabbos before Purim (Shabbos Zachor) (i.e. this Shabbos), there is an obligation which many poskim consider to be min ha-Torah to hear Parshas Zachor read from a sefer Torah (SA OC 685:7; MB 685:16). Make every effort to attend shul for this special kriah, as it may be the only Torah reading all year that carries a biblical-level obligation.
Matanos La’Evyonim Gifts to the Poor
Each person must give to at least two poor individuals on Purim day (SA OC 694:1). The Rambam (Hilchos Megillah 2:15–16) calls this the most important of the four mitzvos, because nothing captures the joy of Purim like lifting up those in need. Any amount technically suffices (MB 694:2), but giving generously is strongly encouraged. Many fulfill this through their shul’s Purim fund or reputable organizations, which is valid since a shaliach may act on your behalf. Give early so funds reach recipients while it is still Purim.
Mishloach Manos Sending Food Portions
Every person must send at least two distinct ready-to-eat food ior drink tems to at least one fellow Jew on Purim day (SA OC 695:4). The purpose is to foster friendship and ensure everyone has food for the seudah (MB 695:20). The two items should ideally be different typesm for example, a baked good and a drink. Using a messenger is preferred, since mishloach implies a go-between, though hand-delivery also works. The Rambam’s guidance is instructive: better to be generous with matanos la’evyonim and modest with mishloach manos than the reverse.
Seudas Purim The Festive Meal
One is obligated to make a festive meal on Purim day (SA OC 695:1). The Rema records the custom of davening Minchah first and beginning the seudah in the afternoon. The meal should include bread (with netilas yadayim and ha-motzi), meat, and wine (Rema OC 695:2; Kitzur SA 142:1). Regarding wine, the Shulchan Aruch cites the Gemara’s famous ad d’lo yada, but the Rema tempers this: drink a bit more than usual and then sleep. The Mishnah Brurah endorses this moderate approach. Recite Al Ha-Nissim in Birkas Ha-Mazon; if the meal extends past nightfall, you still include it as long as you began before sunset (MB 695:16).