09/13/2026
Homily for the 15th Sunday after Pentecost
In the Name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Beloved brothers and sisters in Christ,
Christ is in our Midst!
The Gospel placed before us today begins with a question that seems to concern the Law of Moses, but before the conversation ends, our Lord brings His hearers face to face with a much greater question: Who is the Christ?
A lawyer approaches Jesus and asks Him, “Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law?” Saint Matthew tells us that the question was intended as a test. By this point in the Gospel, the religious leaders have approached Jesus one after another, trying to catch Him in His words. They have questioned Him about His authority, about paying taxes to Caesar, about the resurrection of the dead. Now the question concerns the Law itself. Our Lord answers without hesitation: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.” Then He joins to it another commandment: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” And He adds words that should make us listen very carefully: “On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”
Christ does not abolish the Law. He reveals its heart.
Every commandment God has given His people is ultimately concerned with restoring a relationship that sin has disordered. Human beings were created to live in communion with God and, within that communion, to live rightly with one another. Sin disrupts both. It turns the heart away from its Creator and, inevitably, distorts our relationship with those around us. This is why Christ can gather the Law into these two commandments without diminishing anything that God has revealed. Love of God and love of neighbor are not two convenient summaries placed over the commandments; they reveal what obedience was always intended to accomplish within the human person.
But the love of which Christ speaks is demanding. He does not say simply, “Love God.” He says, “with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.” There is a completeness to those words that leaves little room for the divided life we so easily learn to live.
We can believe in God and still keep certain rooms of the heart closed to Him. We can pray and worship while quietly deciding that some choices belong entirely to us. We can profess faith in Christ and nevertheless allow our ambitions, anxieties, resentments, possessions, or attachments to exercise greater influence over us than the Gospel. It is possible to give God a place in our lives without actually giving Him the first place. And this is where today's Gospel touches the First Commandment so naturally: “You shall have no other gods before Me.”
We will begin our weekly catechesis on the Ten Commandments this coming Thursday, and perhaps today's Gospel has been given to us at precisely the right moment. Before we begin examining what the Commandments mean individually, Christ reminds us of the disposition with which all of them must be received. God did not give Israel the Commandments simply to regulate behavior. He was forming a people who belonged to Him. The Commandments arose within a covenant, within a relationship between the God who had delivered His people and the people whom He called to be His own.
Saint Irenaeus understood God's commandments in this healing and formative sense. God does not need our obedience in order to become greater or more complete; we need obedience because we have been created for communion with Him. The commandment serves the human person by directing life toward the One in whom life itself is found. When God commands us to love Him, He is not seeking something that He lacks. He is calling His creature back to the source from which the creature receives life.
That is important, because Christianity can become distorted when faith is reduced principally to rules. A person may become very accomplished at identifying what is permitted and what is forbidden and still remain far from the transformation of heart toward which the commandments are directed.
The Pharisees themselves stand before us as a warning. These were men who knew the Scriptures. They knew the Commandments. They knew the traditions surrounding the Commandments. They could discuss the Law with great sophistication. Yet the Messiah for whom Israel had waited was standing directly before them, and their knowledge had not opened their eyes to recognize Him. That is why the second part of today's Gospel is so important.
After answering the lawyer, Jesus now asks the questions. “What do you think about the Christ? Whose Son is He?” They answer correctly: “The Son of David.” Then Jesus brings them to the Psalm of David: “The Lord said to my Lord, Sit at My right hand, till I make Your enemies Your footstool.” And He asks them: If David calls the Messiah “Lord,” how is He merely David's son? They cannot answer Him.
Notice what has happened. They began by asking Jesus about a commandment. Jesus ends by confronting them with the mystery of His own identity. They know what the Law says, but do they recognize the One standing before them?
Saint John Chrysostom sees in this exchange Christ gently leading His opponents toward a truth they have resisted. The promised Messiah is indeed descended from David according to the flesh, but He cannot be understood merely as one more descendant of David. David himself calls Him Lord. The Messiah stands within human history, yet His identity reaches beyond human ancestry. The Church will confess with clarity what is already being unveiled here: Jesus Christ is truly man and truly God, the eternal Son of the Father who has taken our humanity upon Himself. Suddenly the first words of Christ's answer acquire even greater depth: “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart.”
The Lord whom we are commanded to love is not distant. He has come among us. The Lawgiver has entered the world governed by His Law. The One whom the prophets proclaimed has become flesh. The Son of David is David's Lord. And the men questioning Jesus about fidelity to God are standing in the presence of God incarnate without understanding whom they are addressing.
There is a spiritual danger here that concerns us just as surely as it concerned them. We too can become familiar with religion while remaining insufficiently attentive to Christ. We can know prayers, observe fasts, attend services, defend teachings, discuss canons, and understand the outward shape of Orthodox life, while somewhere along the way the living encounter with the Lord Himself becomes obscured.
The problem is not with prayers, fasting, services, teachings, or canons. We need them. The Church gives them to us precisely because they lead us more deeply into Christ. But the means must always bring us toward the end for which they exist: communion with the living God.
Saint Isaac the Syrian repeatedly directs the Christian toward this interior transformation. The evidence that grace is working within us is not simply an accumulation of religious knowledge, but the gradual softening and purification of the heart. Prayer begins to make us more merciful. Repentance makes us less eager to condemn. Awareness of our own weakness makes us more patient with the weakness of others. Love of God enlarges rather than contracts the heart. Then we begin to understand why Christ immediately joins love of neighbor to love of God.
“You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” The Second Commandment is “like” the first because the person before us bears the image of the God whom we claim to love. Our neighbor is not an interruption of our spiritual life. Very often our neighbor is where the authenticity of our spiritual life is revealed.
It is possible to appear devout before an icon and be merciless toward someone made in God's image. It is possible to speak beautifully about Orthodox Christianity and behave cruelly toward another human being. It is possible to defend truth without charity and then convince ourselves that our harshness is zeal. Christ will not permit us to make such a division. Love of God must gradually teach us how to see the human person differently.
This does not mean that Christian love abandons truth. Our Lord Himself never did so. Love sometimes corrects, sometimes warns, sometimes refuses, and sometimes requires us to establish necessary boundaries. But Christian love never delights in another person's humiliation or destruction. Even when relationships become painful, we are called to guard the heart from becoming a place where hatred is welcomed and nourished.
Perhaps, then, before we begin our catechesis on the commandments this week, today's Gospel asks us to consider something deeper than whether we know them. To whom are the Commandments leading us? They lead us to Christ.
The Commandments teach the heart how to be freed from everything that prevents it from belonging completely to Him. They expose the false loyalties that compete with God, the desires that deform us, and the ways in which self-love can masquerade as freedom. Yet their purpose is not simply to produce well-behaved people. God desires something infinitely greater: sons and daughters restored to communion with Him.
This is why Orthodox Christianity can never be reduced to morality. Christ did not become man merely to make bad people behave better. He assumed our human nature to heal it. He entered death to destroy its dominion. He rose from the tomb so that human life might be opened once again to the life of God. The commandments belong within that great work of salvation because they teach us to turn away from everything that resists the life Christ is restoring within us.
And that brings us finally to the Holy Eucharist. Here the question Christ asks the Pharisees becomes intensely personal: “What do you think about the Christ?” We answer that question not only with words but by approaching the Chalice. We come because we believe that the One born in the lineage of David is David's Lord. We come because the Jesus who spoke these words in Jerusalem is the same Lord who gives Himself to His Church. We come because Christianity is ultimately not our search for an absent God, but our response to the God who has come looking for us. Soon you will hear the proclamation: “With the fear of God, with faith and love, draw near.”
With love. The very word with which today's Gospel began accompanies us to the Chalice. Yet even here, we discover that our love is always a response. Before we could offer ourselves to Christ, Christ offered Himself for us. Before we sought Him, He sought us. Before we could approach His Table, He prepared the Banquet.
Beloved, as we leave today, perhaps we should carry with us not only the lawyer's question—“Which is the great commandment?”—but Christ's question as well: “What do you think about the Christ?” For if He is merely a teacher, His commandments may remain admirable principles.
But if He is truly the Son of David and David's Lord, the eternal Son who has come among us in the flesh, then He cannot remain at the edge of our lives. He must become their center. And from that center everything else begins to find its proper place: our worship, our choices, our relationships, our repentance, our obedience, and our love.
“You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.”
May the Lord grant that these words become more than a commandment we remember. May they become the direction of our whole life, until the Christ whom we confess with our lips is also the Lord who reigns within our hearts.
Amen.
+Archbishop Stephen