06/17/2026
Weekly Encouragement - You Have Heard That It Was Said - Matthew 5
In Matthew chapters 5-7, Jesus taught His disciples in what is known as the Sermon on the Mount. His disciples at that time were Jews who had been brought up as believers in Jehovah God. They had been instructed by their parents when they were children and this teaching had been reinforced by the teachings and scripture readings in the synagogues. Nearly everyone knew the Law, the Psalms, and the major stories of Israel by heart. Jesus knew what they had been taught; He knew what they had heard. He had been brought up in this society. In Matthew 5:21-48, Jesus is teaching these Jews a better understanding of how God really wanted them to live. We also can learn from these teachings of Jesus how to better live our lives pleasing to the Father.
Matthew 5:21 "You have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not murder, and whoever murders will be in danger of the judgment.'” The sixth commandment of the ten commandments is stated in Exodus 20:13 "You shall not murder.” The Jews probably thought that to be pleasing to God and avoid judgment, all they needed to do was not kill another in murder. But Jesus taught that thoughts of hatred and contempt for their brother were as bad as murder and also had bad consequences. Even when they did not murder their brother physically, they could sin against them with their thoughts. Jesus then encourages them to quickly reconcile with their brother if there is a problem and to quickly make peace with their adversary.
Matthew 5:27 "You have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not commit adultery.'” The seventh commandment of the ten commandments is stated in Exodus 20:14 "You shall not commit adultery.” The Jews probably thought that to be pleasing to God, all they needed was to avoid having a physical sexual relationship with someone other than their spouse. But Jesus taught in Matthew 5:28 “But I say to you that whoever looks at a woman to lust for her has already committed adultery with her in his heart.” Adultery in the heart is just as much adultery as the physical action. Then Jesus teaches that if their eye or hand causes them to sin, it would be better to pluck out their eye or cut off their hand than for the whole body to be cast into hell.
Matthew 5:31 "Furthermore it has been said, 'Whoever divorces his wife, let him give her a certificate of divorce.'” Instruction on divorce is found in Deuteronomy 24. Deuteronomy 24:1 "When a man takes a wife and marries her, and it happens that she finds no favor in his eyes because he has found some uncleanness in her, and he writes her a certificate of divorce, puts it in her hand, and sends her out of his house.” Although there were different schools of thought in Jesus’ time about the grounds for divorce, once the reason was established, the husband had to give his wife a certificate of divorce. Here is Jesus’ response to divorce. Matthew 5:32 “But I say to you that whoever divorces his wife for any reason except sexual immorality causes her to commit adultery; and whoever marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery.” Taking the exception out for a moment, Jesus said that when the man divorces his wife, he causes her to commit adultery. By his action he caused her to sin and would therefore bear some of the guilt for the sin. Putting the exception back in, if the reason the man is divorcing his wife is because of sexual immorality, she is already committing sexual immorality; he does not cause her to commit adultery. Then Jesus added “and whoever marries a woman who is divorced commits adultery.” No exception here. Whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery.
Matthew 5:33 "Again you have heard that it was said to those of old, 'You shall not swear falsely, but shall perform your oaths to the Lord.'” Here was some of the instruction concerning oaths. Leviticus 19:12 “And you shall not swear by My name falsely, nor shall you profane the name of your God: I am the LORD.” Numbers 30:2 “If a man makes a vow to the LORD, or swears an oath to bind himself by some agreement, he shall not break his word; he shall do according to all that proceeds out of his mouth.” But Jesus teaches them to not swear at all. Matthew 5:37 “But let your 'Yes' be 'Yes,' and your 'No,' 'No.' For whatever is more than these is from the evil one.”
Matthew 5:38 "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.'” Here was some of the instruction in the law. Leviticus 24:19-20 “If a man causes disfigurement of his neighbor, as he has done, so shall it be done to him—fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth; as he has caused disfigurement of a man, so shall it be done to him.” The understanding that had resulted was that they were free to retaliate for whatever wrong they had suffered. But Jesus taught them not to resist an evil person. Don’t retaliate. If someone sues you, give them more than what they ask. If a soldier compels you to carry his load for a mile, carry it for two miles. Give to whoever asks of you and don’t turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you. In other words, be generous and giving.
Matthew 5:43 "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor and hate your enemy.'” The commandment about loving their neighbor is found in Leviticus 19:18 “You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD.” The Israelites were never explicitly commanded to hate their enemy. Jesus continued in Matthew 5:44 “But I say to you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who spitefully use you and persecute you.” They were to love their enemies, bless them, do good to them, and pray for them. Then He gives the reason why. Verse 45 “That you may be sons of your Father in heaven; for He makes His sun rise on the evil and on the good, and sends rain on the just and on the unjust.” Jesus instructed to be loving like the Father in heaven who gives good things to both the evil and the good, the just and the unjust.
In this portion of the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus taught about murder and anger, adultery and lust, divorce, oaths, retaliation, and love for enemies. He taught a deeper understanding of how we should apply God’s will in our lives. I encourage you to apply these teachings to your life that you may be pleasing to your Father in heaven.