09/12/2026
What is “Mass” in Roman Catholic, Orthodox and Anglican perspectives?
The three Christian tradition held the Eucharist so dear, the Church gathers, hears Scripture, offers prayer and thanksgiving, and receives Holy Communion.
But the language and theological emphasis differ.
1. Roman Catholic Church - “The Mass”
For Roman Catholics, the Mass is the Church’s principal act of worship and the celebration of the Eucharist.
The word Mass comes from the Latin Missa, associated with the dismissal at the end of the liturgy.
The Mass includes:
* Gathering and opening rites
* Liturgy of the Word
* Liturgy of the Eucharist
* Eucharistic Prayer and consecration
* Holy Communion
* Concluding/dismissal rites
The Catholic understanding is profoundly sacrificial, the Eucharist makes sacramentally present the one sacrifice of Christ, rather than Christ being sacrificed again.
This is why the altar, priesthood, Eucharistic Prayer, consecration and Communion are so central.
2. Eastern Orthodox Church - usually “Divine Liturgy”
An Orthodox Christian will generally not call the service “Mass.”
The normal expression is Divine Liturgy.
The most common form is the Divine Liturgy of St John Chrysostom, with the Divine Liturgy of St Basil the Great used on certain occasions.
And this is important:
The Orthodox do not see the Eucharist as merely a memorial meal.
The Divine Liturgy is the Church’s participation in the heavenly worship of God, culminating in the Eucharistic offering and reception of Christ.
Orthodox theology also speaks very strongly of the Eucharist as participation in Christ’s Body and Blood and as a sacramental mystery.
However, Orthodox theology generally does not make transubstantiation the required philosophical explanation in the same way Roman Catholic theology does.
The Orthodox are often more comfortable saying:
“It is a mystery.”
In other words, they affirm what the Church confesses without insisting that the mystery must be explained through one particular philosophical system.
3. Anglican Church - usually “Holy Communion,” “Holy Eucharist,” or “The Eucharist”
This is where Anglican terminology gets particularly interesting.
Anglicans generally do not call the service Mass in all traditions, although the word is certainly used in some Anglican churches especially Anglo-Catholic parishes.
You may hear:
Holy Communion
Holy Eucharist
The Eucharist
The Lord’s Supper
or simply Mass.
The terminology often reflects the particular Anglican tradition.
The Book of Common Prayer traditionally calls it The Order for the Administration of the Lord’s Supper or Holy Communion.
A Roman Catholic might say:
“This is the Mass.”
An Orthodox Christian might say:
“This is the Divine Liturgy.”
An Anglican might say:
“This is Holy Communion.”
Different names. Different theological traditions. Different explanations.
But all three are pointing toward that extraordinary moment when the Church gathers around the Eucharistic table and hears Christ’s command:
“Do this in remembrance of me.”