05/31/2026
In a world filled with countless religious organizations, it is important to ask a simple question, “What are the identifying marks of the church we read about in the New Testament?” Rather than relying on tradition, popularity, or human opinion, we should examine the Scriptures to see what distinguished the Lord's church in the first century. This article will look at six such distinguishing marks.
First, the New Testament church recognized Jesus Christ as its only head. Paul wrote in Ephesians 1:22 that God "...hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be the head over all things to the church.” No earthly headquarters, council, or individual exercised authority over the church.
Second, the New Testament church was known by biblical names that honored Christ and described its relationship to Him. Expressions such as "the church of God" (1 Corinthians 1:2) and "the churches of Christ" (Romans 16:16) are found in Scripture.
Third, the New Testament church followed the apostles' doctrine (Acts 2:42). Its teachings were rooted in divine revelation rather than human creeds or denominational manuals.
Fourth, its worship was simple and scriptural. Christians assembled on the first day of the week to partake of the Lord's Supper (Acts 20:7), pray together (Acts 2:42), sing praises to God (Ephesians 5:19), give of their means (1 Corinthians 16:1-2), and hear the Word of God preached (Acts 20:7).
Fifth, the New Testament church taught the biblical plan of salvation. People heard the gospel, believed in Christ, repented of their sins, confessed their faith, and were baptized for the remission of sins (Acts 2:38; Romans 10:9-10).
Finally, the New Testament church emphasized unity. Jesus prayed that His followers would be one (John 17:20-21), and Paul urged Christians to speak the same thing and avoid divisions (1 Corinthians 1:10).
The church described in the New Testament is not a mystery. Its characteristics are clearly revealed in Scripture. The challenge for every generation is not to improve upon God's design, but to follow it faithfully.