06/01/2026
From the Pastor’s desk
FLAG DAY
Flag Day is the day honoring the national flag and is observed on June 14. The first official national flag, formally approved by the Continental Congress on June 14, 1777, was the Stars and Stripes. That first Flag Resolution read, “Resolved, that the flag of the United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the union is thirteen stars, white in a blue field representing a new constellation.” The layout of the stars was left undefined, and flag makers used many patterns. The designer of the flag—most likely Congressman Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence from Philadelphia—may have had a ring of stars in mind to symbolize the new constellation. Today, that pattern is popularly known as the “Betsy Ross flag.” The new Stars and Stripes formed part of the military colors carried on September 11, 1777, at the Battle of Brandywine.
The Stars and Stripes changed on May 1, 1795, when Congress enacted the second Flag Resolution, which mandated that new stars and stripes be added to the flag when new states were admitted to the Union. The first two new states were Vermont (1791) and Kentucky (1792). In 1818, after five more states had been admitted, Congress enacted the third and last Flag Resolution, requiring that henceforth the number of stripes should remain 13, the number of stars should always match the number of states, and any new star should be added on July 4 following a state’s admission. This has been the system ever since. In all, from 1777 to 1960 (after the admission of Hawaii in 1959), there were 27 versions of the flag—25 involving changes to the stars only—and an executive order signed by the President. William Howard Taft, on October 29, 1912, standardized, for the first time, the proportions and relative sizes of the elements of the flag; in 1934, the exact shades of color were standardized.
The idea to set aside a day to honor the national flag came from several sources. In 1885, Bernard J. Cigrand, a Wisconsin schoolteacher, urged his students to observe June 14 as “Flag Birthday.” He later wrote an essay, published in a Chicago newspaper, urging Americans to proclaim this date as the day to celebrate the flag. In 1888, William T. Kerr of Pennsylvania founded the American Flag Day Association of Western Pennsylvania, an organization to which he dedicated his life. A lesser-known claim is that of George Morris of Connecticut, who is said to have organized the first formal celebration of the day in Hartford in 1861.
In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed June 14 as the official date for Flag Day, and in 1949, the U.S. Congress permanently established the date as National Flag Day. Although Flag Day is not an official federal holiday, Pennsylvania observes it as a state holiday. Each year, the U.S. president delivers an address proclaiming the week of June 14 as National Flag Week, and all Americans are encouraged to fly U.S. flags during that week.