02/17/2025
Due to technical difficulties, we could not live stream yesterday's service. Here is the the manuscript of the sermon.
Blessings and Woes 2/16/2025
Luke 6: 17-26
The passage is the beginning of Luke’s Sermon on the Plain. This is Luke’s equivalent Matthew’s more familiar Sermon on the Mount. Though the Sermon on the Plain is much shorter than the Sermon on the Mount, it serves the same purpose.
Notice that the passage reads that Jesus looked up at his disciples and said these words. Even though many were there, these words were intended for the disciples. The passage also follows the listing of the twelve. This sermon is instructions for Jesus’ disciples both then and now. These are our instructions as disciples of Jesus.
Like the Sermon on the Mount, Luke begins with blessings. However, Luke’s blessings differ radically from Matthew’s. Also, Luke follows the blessings with a series of woes which are carefully balanced to the blessings.
Before we examine these blessings and woes, we need to look at the definitions of the Greek makarioi and ouai. Makarioi does mean to bless but it goes a bit further than being happy. It means how fortunate. It is blessings that provide fortunes, not just emotional happiness. The interjection, ouai, means how horrible! It is an exclamation of grief.
We can read these blessings and woes like this: How fortunate are you who are poor. How fortunate are you who are hungry now. How fortunate are you who weep now. How fortunate are you when people hate, exclude, revile and defame you.
How horrible, grieve for you who are rich. How horrible, grieve for you who are full now. How horrible, grieve for who are laughing now. How horrible, grieve when people speak well of you.
Wait a minute! This can’t be right, The poor, hungry, and weeping are fortunate? When people hate, exclude, revile, and defame us, we are fortunate? Is it horrible to be rich, full, and laughing? We should grieve for them? When people speak well of us, it is horrible? None of this seems right. Shouldn’t it be the other way around?
According to the social mores and popular theology of the time, it should be the other way around. The popular theology was that God blesses the wealthy. They must be blessed, look at all their riches. You obey God and you will receive blessings and wealth. The social mores were based on honor and shame. Wealth was honorable and poverty was shameful. You were honored when people spoke highly of you.
Things aren’t that much different today. Many adhere to the prosperity gospel, that God will prosper and give you riches if you believe rightly. We look up to those of higher status. We want people to speak highly of us, to love and adore us.
But Jesus flips all that upside down. He says The Kingdom of God belongs to the poor. Jesus is not talking about the spiritually poor or lacking, but the economically poor. He is talking about the homeless person standing on the roadside with a tattered cardboard sign. Hunger and weeping are the results of poverty. God favors the poor. This is not anything new. The Mosaic Law in Exodus, Leviticus, and Deuteronomy makes provisions to care for the poor. Also, the law states that the poor should receive equal justice. The Kingdom of God, both at the end times and in the present, favors the poor so there will be no hunger or weeping but all shall be full and laughing.
Jesus says that the rich have received their reward. They received their reward on earth. They had their fill and more on earth. They could laugh on earth for they did not know the pain of poverty.
We may wonder if God’s favor towards the poor is because the poor are somehow morally superior. God’s favor may be that the poor have nothing to rely on but God and they easily recognize their need for God. This is not necessarily the case. As Gustavo Gutierrez has pointed out,
God has a preferential love for the poor not because they are necessarily better than others, morally or religiously, but simply because they are poor and living in an inhuman situation that is contrary to God’s will. The ultimate basis for the privileged position of the poor is not in the poor themselves but in God, in the gratuitousness and universality of God’s agapeic love.
God’s favor to the poor is not because there is some moral superiority to poverty but because poverty is a state that is not of God’s will. God does not want people to be poor. God’s will is for all people to have what they need: adequate food, clothing, housing, health care, and all other needs.
Then why the woes upon the rich? Does this mean that rich people will not enter the Kingdom of God? Does this mean rich people will not get fed in heaven? Does this mean that if you laugh now, you can’t laugh in heaven?
No, the woe is not that rich people cannot enter the Kingdom of God, but rich people often believe they are already in the Kingdom of God because of their riches. They are satisfied with earthly riches and seek more wealth, instead of heavenly riches. The woe is that they do not live in the Kingdom of God on earth and use their wealth as God wills. They do not use their wealth to improve the condition of the poor but only seek to further their wealth.
This does not mean that all wealthy people are not getting into heaven. Jesus’ last interaction on his way to Jerusalem was with Zacchaeus, a wealthy tax collector. Jesus said to Zacchaeus that salvation had come to his household. A rich man was saved because Zacchaeus would give half his possessions to the poor and repay fourfold any he had cheated. Zacchaeus vowed to live according to the Kingdom of God, according to God’s rule. So, the Kingdom of God is not closed to the rich. The issue is not having wealth but how one uses their wealth.
What Jesus is doing in these three blessings and woes is telling his disciples to take economics out of the equation. One’s economic situation has nothing to do with entering the Kingdom of God. Entrance into the Kingdom of God at the end of times depends on how one lives according to the Kingdom of God on earth, not their wealth or poverty.
Let’s face it. We often judge people according to their economic condition. We see the homeless person with their tattered cardboard sign and we choose to ignore them. We think to ourselves that he or she must have done something wrong to end up in that state. We think they don’t deserve our help because if we give them money they will only use it for booze or drugs. But we think that the wealthy person is doing something right. We look up to and admire someone wealthy.
In the last blessing and woe, Jesus also turns things upside down. Jesus told the disciples they may be excluded, reviled, hated, and defamed for proclaiming the Gospel. They may not be honored by everyone. The reality is that the Gospel is not always what people want to hear. When people speak well of you it is often because you say what people want to hear, which is not necessarily the truth. The disciples are to proclaim the truth and live according to the Kingdom of God, not for worldly favor.
As disciples today, we are to live according to the rule of God’s Kingdom. We are to speak the truth of the Gospel even if it is not what people want to hear. There are many false prophets today who are well renowned but do not proclaim the Gospel of Jesus Christ. Sometimes what we do not want to hear is what we need to hear.
We are to live upside-down lives. We are not to serve others according to their economic status. We are to serve based on their need, not status. We are not to invite to church just those like us. We are to invite all into the church so they may enter into the Kingdom of God. We live according to the Kingdom of God, not the Kingdom of this world, now and forever. Amen.