10/28/2025
In the Bible, darkness has literal, symbolic, and spiritual meanings, representing initial chaos, divine judgment, the power of evil, and a state of sin. It can signify physical darkness, such as the plague of darkness on Egypt, or moral and spiritual darkness, like being lost without God or being in a state of wickedness. However, darkness is often contrasted with light, which symbolizes God, truth, and hope, and the Bible promises an end to darkness in the future.
Literal darkness
Physical absence of light: Genesis describes darkness covering the earth before God's creative command to "let there be light". Genesis 1:2-3
Divine judgment: A physical darkness was one of the plagues God sent upon Egypt to judge Pharaoh's hardened heart. Exodus 10:21-29
Awe-inspiring divine presence: In the Old Testament, darkness can represent the mysterious and awe-inspiring presence of God, as when God was said to "dwell in thick darkness" at Mount Sinai, according to 1 Kings 8:12.
Symbolic and spiritual darkness
Sin and evil: Darkness is a metaphor for sin, evil, and a state of being separated from God. Romans 13:12-13; John 3:19-20; 1 John 1:5-6
Spiritual blindness and ignorance: It represents a lack of understanding and moral corruption, as seen in the quote "all the foundations of the earth are shaken" in Psalm 82:5.
Spiritual powers: The Bible refers to evil spiritual forces as "the rulers of the darkness of this world". Ephesians 6:12
State of the unsaved: People living apart from God are described as being in darkness, while believers are called to live in the light. John 3:19-21; Ephesians 5:11; John 8:12
Eternal separation: Jesus describes a place of "outer darkness" with "weeping and gnashing of teeth" for the unsaved. Matthew 8:12
Contrast with light
God as light: The Bible presents God as pure light with no darkness in Him, and light as a symbol of truth, clarity, and life. 1 John 1:5
Hope in the future: While darkness is a recurring theme, the Bible promises an end to darkness, with no night or darkness in God's eternal kingdom. Revelation 21:23-25