07/03/2026
The documents shown here are from Shearith Israel's 1790 constitution. Adopted shortly after the ratification of the United States Constitution, it reflects a remarkable moment when our ancient congregation reshaped its internal governance in the language and spirit of the new American republic.
As historians such as Jonathan D. Sarna and Jacob Rader Marcus have noted, this constitution illustrates how American Jews quickly absorbed the political ideas of the American Revolution. Consciously echoing the American Constitution in both language and ideas: “We the people” becomes “We the Members of Shearith Israel,” and it goes on to declare that “in a state happily constituted upon the principles of equal liberty, civil and religious,” directly invoking the ideals of the new United States. Rather than relying solely on inherited communal ("kehila") authority, the congregation describes itself as a voluntary society whose members agree to adopt rules and institutions for their common good.
Changes in New York law governing religious societies later required the congregation to adopt a new constitution in 1805. That document—though amended over time—remains the constitutional framework under which the congregation still operates today. Nevertheless, the 1790 constitution stands as one of the earliest expressions of how Jewish religious communities in the United States embraced—and helped embody—the nation’s principles of liberty, self-government, and religious freedom.
Wishing all a happy Independence Day and Shabbat Shalom!