Happiness Mind

06/01/2021

https://biorandom.com/jacksonville-florida-biorandom-com/

Jacksonville is a city in the US states of Florida, It is the largest city in the United States, It is the seat of Duval County ​with which the city government consolidated in 1968.

05/31/2021

A beautiful city in the states of Florida in the united states, It is located 25 miles north of Miami and is the largest city in Broward County. As of the 2021 census bureau estimates, the city has an estimated population of 183,109.

05/29/2021

https://biorandom.com/kings-canyon-national-park/

Kings Canyon National park is located in east-central California, about 200 miles north of Los Angeles. The park is located in the center of Sierra Nevada, a scenic area in the state. Kings Canyon National park stretches across central California.

05/28/2021

A beautiful city in the states of Florida in the united states, It is located 25 miles north of Miami and is the largest city in Broward County. As of the 2021 census bureau estimates, the city has an estimated population of 183,109.

05/27/2021

https://biorandom.com/death-valley-national-park-biorandom-com/

Death Valley is a desert valley in Eastern California, in the northern Mojave Desert, bordering the Great Basin Desert. (Death Valley is a graben—a down-dropped block of land between two mountain ranges) The hottest, driest and lowest national park, Death Valley is well-known for its blistering su...

05/26/2021

https://biorandom.com/daytona-beach/

Daytona Beach is a city in the US state of Florida. It is located 51 miles northeast of Orlando, 256 miles northwest of Miami, and, 86 miles southeast of Jacksonville. According to the United States Census, the population was 61,005 in 2010 and has grown to 688,723 by 2021.

05/25/2021

What is the Carbon Cycle?

Carbon is a naturally occurring element on Earth and is an integral part of all human, animal, and plant life. It is also one of the most frequently used occurring elements in biology. This is the starting point of many elements and builds a long relationship.

05/24/2021

The History Of The Honeymoon

Couples traditionally take a honeymoon trip shortly after their wedding.

The honeymoon is a traditional holiday that a couple takes after exchanging their wedding vows. The purpose of the honeymoon is to give the couple some time alone to bond with each other. However, in today's society many couples use it as a means to relax after the stress of planning a wedding. However, the historical significance of the honeymoon is very different than how we think of it today.

History Of The Honeymoon
The tradition of a honeymoon started in Great Britain in the 19th century. The newlywed couple would go on a tour to visit their relatives who were not able to attend the wedding ceremony. The couple did not always travel alone; friends and family would accompany them on such visits. This practice was restricted to the upper-class strata of society as they could afford the expenses involved in the tour. Traveling in convoys in the countryside while bearing gifts for their relatives was not a cheap affair. The bride’s relatives, as well as the groom's, would be visited in a period of one month. The practice spread across Europe in the later part of the 1820s. In the ancient Jewish tradition, a honeymoon took place after seven days and nights of feasting and celebration by the friends and relatives of the couple.

Modern-Day Honeymoons
Couples today usually take a honeymoon shortly after they have exchanged their vows. Popular destinations for a honeymoon include the Caribbean Islands, Africa, and Asia. However, due to changing economic times the couple may opt to delay their honeymoon or not take one at all. With the advent of social media, a honeymoon may not always be private as every moment is shared on social media platforms just like the wedding. While some couples can still afford to go for lengthy honeymoon holidays immediately after the ceremony ends, most modern-day couples take a shortened vacation. With incentives from local governments, couples can afford their honeymoon at local destinations without stretching their resources.

Issues Related To The Honeymoon Today
Honeymoons today are at the center of some controversy. The reason is some couples tend to shun wedding gifts in exchange for cash which they use to fund their honeymoon trip. These cash obligations are forwarded to friends and relatives and it may burden them. In some cases, the focus on the honeymoon overrides the marriage ceremony itself. Some blame the media which portrays expensive honeymoons, influencing couples to try to stretch their pockets to go on a similarly lavish trip.

05/23/2021

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The History Of Valentine's Day

Valentine’s Day, which is commemorated on the 14th day of February every year, is also called the Feast of Saint Valentine or Saint Valentine’s Day. The holiday started as a liturgical feast day of the church in the Western Roman Empire. During these celebrations, Christians in those parts honored one or more early saints called Valentinus. Today, Valentine’s Day is observed in many parts of the world, and it bears a significant cultural meaning as it is associated with romantic love. Lovers purchase gifts for their loved ones on this day to express their affection for them.

History Of The Saint Valentine’s Day
Although there were several martyrs of the early Christian church named Valentine, only two of them are commemorated on February 14. The two saints are Valentine of Terni and Valentine of Rome. Valentine of Terni was a Bishop of Terni, formerly known as Interamna. It is believed that he was martyred in 213 during the reign of Emperor Aurelian. The Emperor introduced religious reforms in Rome as he sought to impose the Sun god on the people. During this period, anyone who went against these reforms was persecuted. Valentine of Rome was a Roman priest. He was martyred in 269, and Pope Gelasius added him to the calendar of saints in 496. Both martyrs were buried on the Via Flaminia.

Religious Significance Of The Feast Day
Various denominations celebrate St. Valentine’s Day on February 14. The Anglican Communion includes this day in its calendar of saints. The Lutheran Church also recognizes it as a feast day of the saint. In the Roman Catholic faith, the feast day is not part of the General Roman Calendar, but it is included in various local and national calendars. The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates St. Valentine of Rome on July 6 and St. Valentine of Terni (Interamna) on July 30.

Connection With Romantic Love
Geoffrey Chaucer’s poetry is the earliest recorded reference to Valentine’s Day as a special day for lovers. In a 1382 poem titled 'The Parliament of Birds,' Chaucer wrote that birds gather in the assembly on St. Valentine’s Day to choose their mates. He wrote the poem as a tribute to the first anniversary of King Richard II of England’s engagement to Anne of Bohemia. In 1400, King Charles VI of France introduced the culture of celebrating love on February 14 of every year. He organized lavish festivities for members of the royal court on the day in a French commune called Mantes-et-la-Jolie. Other famous people including Charles of Orleans and Shakespeare also contributed to the culture by writing Valentine's poetry.

Celebrations And Status Around The World
Custom celebrations of the day started in England and spread to other English-speaking nations in the 19th century. Other countries adopted the tradition later in the 20th and 21st centuries. The day is characterized by concentrated marketing efforts to encourage lovers to spend on their loved ones. South Korea and China are the two East Asian countries that spend the most money on St. Valentine’s Day gifts. The gifts that lovers commonly exchange on Valentine’s Day include red roses, chocolates, confectionery, greeting cards, jewelry, various treats, and other symbolic gifts such as Saint Valentine’s keys. The traditions vary depending on the country.

05/22/2021

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What Is The Longest Suspension Bridge In The World?

In total, the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge is 3,911 meters long.

The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan is recognized as the longest suspension bridge in the world. Its longest span measures 1,991 meters long. Scientists believe that the length of suspension bridges is determined by their primary span, which is the distance of the suspending way between the bridge's towers. The bridge joins Kobe City, which is found on the dry land of Honshu to Iwaya on the island of Awaji. It also cuts across Akashi Strait, which also joins the highway of Honshu-Shikoku.

History Of Akashi Kaikyo Bridge
Long before the establishment of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, ferries were used as a means of transport to move people from one point of the strait to another. The waterway was often affected by severe constraints like the storm in the year 1995 that led to the loss of lives of 168 passengers who were traveling by ferries that sunk. The incident encouraged the ministry of Japan to establish a bridge across the strait. Initially, the arrangement involved a combination of both the railway and road kind of bridge.

By the time constructions commenced in April 1988, the plan was restructured to be purely a road with six paths. The development of the bridge did not commence until May 1988. Tsutomu Kawara, who was in charge of construction in Japan, launched the bridge on April 5, 1998, together with Crown Prince Naruhito and Princess Masako of Japan. The bridge had recognition for its three powerful features; being the longest, strongest, and most expensive bridge globally. It cost approximately 4.3 billion dollars and took ten years for its construction to end.

Suspension Structure

The Akashi Kaikyo has three spans, the main span that is also the central and the longest span, and the other two spans each having a length of 960 meters. In total, the bridge is 3,911 meters long. The bridge initially had two towers that were 1,990 meters apart but were later displaced by the Great Hanshin earthquake on January 17, 1995, and the span increased by one meter. A dual-hinged stiffened girder system was built to guard the bridge against harsh winds, earthquakes, and strong sea currents.

The main towers of the Akashi Bridge are also designed to have a height above sea level of 282.8 meters, a convenient way to allow the bridge to expand up to two meters because of the heat during the day. Moreover, 350,000 tons of cement were used for each anchorage while the cables are made of steel and cover 300,000 kilometers of wire. In addition, the bridge has adornment lights that are 1,737 in number. The lights are linked up to the main cables, and they light up in different colors depending on the occasion. The bright lights give Akashi a very relaxing and romantic look since they make the bridge look like a series of pearls aligned perfectly, hence its nickname Pearl Bridge.

05/21/2021

The World's Most Expensive Cars

Collectible car enthusiasts have always been intrigued by classic sports cars for years, and they can pay any amount just to own them. These vehicles are sold in private and public auctions all over Europe and the United States. Although collectible sports cars have been sold for an even higher price, Ferrari 250GTO is the most expensive car sold in a public auction. Mercedes-Benz W196R held the record of the most valuable sports car in the world until Ferrari 250GTO broke the record in 2014. Some of the most expensive collectible automobiles include:

10. Ferrari 250 GT SWB California Spider (1961) - $18,500,000
The 250-GT-SWB was launched in 1960 by Scaglietti at Geneva, and its bodywork pulled way more rigidly on the reduced chassis (from 2,600mm to 2,400mm). The 250 GT-SWB was equipped with a 3 liter V12 engine with 276hp. Ferrari fitted this sports car with the 185VR15 Pirelli-Cinturato tires. The fiberglass-bodied replica of the 1961 250GT was featured in an MG movie in 1986. Artcurial sold a 259 GT-SWB on February 20, 2016 in Paris for $18,500,000.

9. Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B Lungo Spider (1939) - $19,800,000
Manufactured by Alfa Romeo in 1939, the 8C-2900B came equipped with an inline 8-cylinder engine with dual-roots-type superchargers and overhead cams, plus a 4-speed manual transmission. This race car had a 2905cc engine which produced a maximum of 180 bhp at 5200 pm. Alfa produced 322900Bs which included 23 in 1938 and 10 in 1937 plus another one which they assembled in 1941. An Alfa Romeo 8c 2900 was sold on August 20, 2016, by RM Sotheby for $19,800,000 which makes it the most expensive Alfa Romeo in the world.

8. Jaguar D-Type (1955) - $21,780,000
The D-type is a beautiful racing sports car from Jaguar Ltd which was manufactured from 1954 to 1957. As much as the D-type shares numerous characteristics with the C-type, its aviation-industry influence structure is different. The car’s monocoque structure plus aerodynamic efficiency introduced aviation technology to sports car designs. The 1st D-type had a 3.4-liter engine which was increased to 3.8 liters before being reduced to 3.0litres in 1958. The D-type won the 24hour race Le Mans race in three consecutive years, from 1956 to 1957. The D-type production included 16XKSS-version, 53 customer cars, and 18 team cars. RM Sotheby sold the D-type on August 20, 2016, in Monterey, California for $21,780,000.

7. Aston Martin DBR1 (1956) - $22,550,000
The DBR1 was a sports car designed by Aston Martin in 1956 for the Sportscar championship among other competitions at that time. DBR1 is the most famous Aston model for winning the 24hours of Le-Mans in 1959. The DBR1 is one of the three sports cars to win both the Le-Mans 24hours and the world championship in the same year during the 1950s. On August 19, 2017, the DBR1 was sold for $22,550,000.

6. Ferrari 290 MM (1956) - $25,050,000
The 290MM was the Ferrari race car that was produced to compete in the 1956 Mille Miglia. The 290MM has a 4.5-liter V12 engine with a maximum power of 320HP at 7200rpm and a maximum speed of 170 mph. Driven by Eugenio Castelloti, the 290 MM won the 1956 Mille Miglia, while another 290 MM driven by Juan Fangio finished 4th in the same race. The car was sold for $25,050,000 on December 10, 2015, in New York City.

5. Ferrari 275 GTB/C Speciale (1964) - $26,400,000
In 1964, Ferrari produced four lightweight 275GTB for the1965 season. The 275GBT collection included three models equipped with 250LM engines. Pininfarina designed the bodywork while Scaglietti worked on the coachwork. The design of 275 GTB incorporated a 10% reduction in size and smaller chassis, plus Ferrari used magnesium for the engine which resulted in FIA refusing to homologate it as a GT-contender, but they agreed after Enzo threatened to pull-out of the motorsport. On August 16, 2014, RM-auctions sold a 275GTB for $26,400,000 in Monterey, California.

4. Ferrari 275 GTB/4*S NART Spider (1967) - $27,500,000
The 275 series is a two-seat- front-engine V12 powered sports car which was produced in the roadster, GT and spyder form by Ferrari from 1964 to 1968. Enzo and Sergio built the 275 GTB/4 series for Luigi Chinetti, an American dealer who bought them for approximately $8,000. Chinetti had requested 25 units, but due to low sales, Ferrari produced only ten units. RM Auctions sold Ferrari 275 in Monterey California on August 17, 2013, for $27,500,000.

3. Mercedes-Benz W196 (1954) - $28,600,000
W196 is a formula-1 racing car that was manufactured by Mercedes-Benz from 1854 to 1955. In the hands of Stirling Mossand Juan Fangio, the W196 won nine of the twelve races it entered plus it won the two championships the car competed in. The 3 liter Sport-Leicht-Renne engine was derived from the W196 for the 1955 World Sports Car season, and its crash ended the w196 series and its dominance in the WSC-championship in 1955. The W196 was auctioned in Goodwood, in the United Kingdom on December 10, 2015, and the winning bid was $28,600,000.

2. Ferrari 335S (1957) - $35,711,359
The Ferrari 335S is a beautiful sports car which was produced by Ferrari from 1957 to 1958. The Ferrari 335S was an evolution of the 315S and it came with a V12 engine with a maximum 390 HP at 7400 rpm and a maximum speed of 190mph. The Italian manufacturer produced this car to respond to the Maserati-450S which had 4.5 liter engine and threatened the 315S. Ferrari only built four 335Ss, and on February 5, 2016, this car was auctioned at $35,711,359 in Paris. Currently, the new owner of the 335S is Lionel Messi.

1. Ferrari 250 GTO (1962) - $38,115,000
Ferrari produced the 250 GTO from 1962 to 1964, for the approval process into the Group three Grand touring vehicle categories of the Federation Internationale-de I’Automobile (FIA). Ferrari produced only 39 250GTOs, and this included the thirty-three from 1962 to 1963 (series I), with the three series II manufactured in 1964 which had similar bodywork plus the three 330 GTO with a bigger engine. In 1964, Ferrari updated four of the older series I cars with series II bodyworks. When produced, the car was valued at $18,000 and Enzo Ferrari and Luigi Chinetti personally approved the buyers. On August 14, 2014, a collector purchased this car in an auction held in Carmel, California for $38,115,000 thus making it the most expensive car in the world.

05/20/2021

Which Bird Lays The Smallest Egg?

The smallest egg on record was laid by the Vervain hummingbird as recorded in October 1998. However, the record seems to be going back and forth between the Bee hummingbird and the Vervain hummingbird. The record in 1998 indicates that the smallest egg laid by any bird measured less than 10mm in length and weighed about 0.365g. This egg was laid by the Vervain hummingbird which is native to Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico.

The bee hummingbird is the smallest bird in the world and goes by other names such as zunzuncito, or Helena hummingbird. Recently, the Guinness Book of World Records indicates that the smallest egg laid by any bird belongs to the bee hummingbird. Usually, the bee hummingbird lays eggs that weigh only 0.0009 ounces and measure 0.275 inches long (6.985mm).

Apart from laying the smallest eggs of any bird, the bee hummingbird is also the lightest bird in the world. A fully mature bee hummingbird weighs only 0.07 ounces.

The Bee Hummingbird

The bee hummingbird is only 2.4cm long and weighs 0.07-0.09 ounces making it the smallest bird in the world. It is close in size to a bee and hence its name. The Vervain hummingbird in the second-smallest bird in the world with a typical length of 6 cm and lays among the smallest eggs in the world.

The bee hummingbird is a strong and swift flier found in subtropical and tropical lowland forests. The favorite source of food for the bee hummingbird is nectar from shrubs and flowers, just like most other species of hummingbird. Particularly, the most popular source of nectar for the bee hummingbird is the cup of gold vine. It has been noted that most popular plants species preferred are endemic to Cuba. These include Pavonia paludicola, Turnera ulmifolia, and Forsteronia corymbosa.

Breeding Habits
The bee hummingbird breeds between March and June which is the end of the rainy season and beginning of the dry season. Breeding rituals are performed by the male hummingbird in order to win a mate. Such rituals include a colorful display, singing and flight displays which are intended to win over a female. Once the ritual is done, mating takes place and the male bee hummingbird leaves the female to build a nest and raise the youngsters.

They lay two eggs which are pea-sized. The female then incubates the eggs for 14 days after which the chicks hatch. The chicks depend wholly on their mother’s protection and warmth until they are able to fend for themselves.

Role In Bird-Plant Co-Evolution
Bee hummingbirds are important players in bird-plant coevolution. They depend fully on flowers for nectar and in the process aid in the reproduction of the plants by transferring pollen grains from one flower to another. The bill is slender and pointed and is adapted to seeking deep into the flower for sweet nectar. It is estimated that a single bird can visit over 1500 flowers in a day which helps in widespread plant reproduction.