08/13/2026
Holy Communion, also referred to as the Lord’s Supper or Eucharist, is a central Christian practice rooted in the ministry and teaching of Jesus Christ. The New Testament presents Communion as a memorial of Christ’s death, participation in His covenant, an expression of Christian unity, and an act requiring reverence and self-examination.
The institution of Holy Communion is recorded in the Synoptic Gospels. In Matthew 26:26–28, Jesus takes bread and wine and identifies them with His body and blood, connecting the cup with “the blood of the covenant.” Mark 14:22–24 provides a parallel account, while Luke 22:19–20 records Jesus’ command, “Do this in remembrance of me.” These passages establish the foundational connection between Communion, Christ’s sacrificial death, and the new covenant.
Paul provides the earliest extended theological treatment of the Lord’s Supper in 1 Corinthians 10–11. In 1 Corinthians 10:16–17, participation in the bread and cup is described as participation in Christ’s body and blood. Paul also emphasizes the unity of believers, arguing that because Christians share one bread, they constitute one body. Thus, Communion has both a Christological and communal dimension.
In 1 Corinthians 11:23–26, Paul repeats the tradition concerning Jesus’ institution of the Supper and emphasizes its commemorative and proclamatory character. Believers are instructed to participate in remembrance of Christ, while the celebration itself “proclaims the Lord’s death until he comes.” Communion therefore connects the Christian community with both the historical sacrifice of Christ and the anticipated fulfillment associated with His return.
The same chapter emphasizes the seriousness of participation. 1 Corinthians 11:27–29 instructs believers to examine themselves and warns against receiving the bread and cup in an unworthy manner. In its immediate context, Paul’s concern includes divisions and abuses within the Corinthian congregation. Communion is therefore not merely an individual religious experience but an ecclesial practice requiring appropriate treatment of fellow believers.
The practice of breaking bread also appears prominently in the life of the early Church. Acts 2:42 identifies “the breaking of bread” among the activities to which the first Christians devoted themselves, while Acts 2:46 describes their continued fellowship and breaking of bread. Acts 20:7 likewise associates the gathering of believers on the first day of the week with breaking bread. These passages demonstrate the importance of communal meals and worship practices in early Christianity.
John 6:51–58, which contains Jesus’ teaching concerning eating His flesh and drinking His blood, has also played an important role in Christian theological interpretation of Communion. Although scholars and Christian traditions differ concerning the precise relationship between this passage and the Eucharist, its imagery contributes significantly to the broader biblical theology of Christ as the source of spiritual life.