08/07/2026
The liturgical reform that followed the Second Vatican Council had a twofold characteristic: it appeared as an extremely profound metamorphosis, which explains the immediate opposition it faced (for example, from Cardinal Ratzinger, since 1966), and it transformed the entire Catholic worship – Mass, sacraments, blessings – leaving nothing intact (when elements of the traditional liturgy remained – such as certain prayers – the reformers did not hesitate to subject them all to some kind of transformation, however small, as if it were a matter of principle).
Thus, although Paix Liturgique is particularly interested in what has changed in and with the new Mass, since its essential project consists of making the traditional Mass increasingly known, loved, and defended, it nonetheless considers it necessary to take into account the overall context of this reform, which aimed to be total.
The faithful attached to the traditional Mass deserve this, as their Christian life leads them to participate in other ceremonies besides Mass: baptisms, confirmations, funerals, priestly ordinations...
And there too, they experience a great unease.
To enable them to express this correctly, we have deemed it appropriate to provide them with some elements of analysis in this letter and those that will follow.
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐰 𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐲 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐦 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐧: 𝐚𝐧 𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐜 𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥.
We will focus our study on the baptism of children, in order to compare the respective traditional ritual with that in the new form
(1). In the latter, baptism is clearly a longer ceremony than the old one, in which discourse takes center stage, including in the ceremony a liturgy of the word to which is added what, for all intents and purposes, is a homily
(2). At the same time, the message conveyed is clearly weaker, at least on one point: the aspect of the fight against the devil, which strongly characterizes the old ceremony and which, in practice, is diminished in the new ceremony, which is manifested in particular by the disappearance of exorcisms proper and of rites with exorcism value.
It is as if the drafters of the new baptismal rite no longer had a very firm faith in the doctrine of original sin.
Original sin would then be nothing more than the contamination of souls coming anew into the world by a totalized influence of all past, present and future sins.
The new theologians prefer to speak of “sin of the world”, as is the case with Fr. André-Marie Dubarle, OP, or Fr. Gustave Martelet, SJ, in Libre réponse à un scandale. La faute originelle, la souffrance et la mort, Fr. Jean-Michel Maldamé, OP, etc.
𝐀 𝐥𝐞𝐬𝐬 𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐞
In the traditional ritual of Paul V, the formulas are fixed, ceremonial, and accompanied by ritualized gestures:
- exsufflation (expelled evil spirit, infused Holy Spirit);
- repeated signs of the cross;
- tasting of salt (exorcised and exorcising salt, salt of wisdom, announcement of the Eucharistic food);
- two exorcisms proper;
- laying on of hands and imposition of the stole (taking power in the name of Christ over the child who was held captive by the devil);
- the rite of Ephpheta (saliva on the nostrils and ears of the baptized, to open their senses to the things of God);
- obligatory anointings with the oil of catechumens (oil of salvation; which corresponds, in fact, to another type of exorcism);
- the transition from the purple stole of penance, which is used throughout the preparatory ceremony, to the white stole of joy, for the baptism proper.
The new baptism, however, is preceded by a welcoming formula that evokes a secular gathering:
"The celebrant greets those present, especially the parents and godparents."
An analysis of various national versions reveals that it is even suggested that if the priest knows them, he may call them by their names.
Here, the possible variations are also numerous, with that a-ritual effect already mentioned in previous letters.
For example, the preliminary questions are these:
"What name do you give your child? - N. What do you ask of the Church of God for your children? - Baptism."
But it is specified that: "In the dialogue, the celebrant may use other words [...] In the second response, the parents may also use other words: for example, Faith, or The grace of Christ, or Entry into the Church, or Eternal life" (these being mere examples, this is equivalent to saying that the priest "may admit spontaneous responses from the parents").
The readings offer several options, the universal prayer also presents several alternatives, and there are admonitions that the priest can modify according to his judgment.
Several formulas for blessing the water are also possible, at the priest's discretion.
Also at the priest's discretion, there may be either an imposition of hands or an anointing with the oil of catechumens.
Exorcisms have been reduced to a single prayer, with two formulas to choose from, the scope of which is smaller and which we will discuss later.
𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐢𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐯𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲.
In the traditional form, baptism is presented as an infusion of divine life within the context of an explicit struggle against the power exercised by the devil because of original sin; in the new rite, this perspective appears very little.
In the ritual of Paul V, the priest, wearing a purple stole, after questioning the child about the request for baptism and recalling the twofold commandment of charity as the foundation of Christian life, blows three times on the child's face and pronounces these words:
"Depart from him, unclean spirit, and give place to the Holy Spirit, the Paraclete."
Then, he makes the sign of the cross on the child's forehead and heart.
Later in the ceremony, after the first exorcism and the threefold renunciation of Satan, his works and pomps, the priest will also make the sign of the cross with the oil of catechumens, the oil of combat, on the chest and between the shoulders.
The laying on of hands – a sign of the authority that breaks "all the chains with which Satan had bound him" – and the exorcism over the salt, which follow, are in the same vein as the movement initiated by the first exorcism.
In the new ritual, the preparatory ceremonies are shorter, but more than their brevity, it is the meaning given to them that, in contrast to the old ritual, draws our attention.
After questioning about the request for baptism, the priest, wearing a white stole (or one of festive color) from the beginning, makes the sign of the cross on the child's forehead and proclaims:
"It is with great joy that the Christian community receives you.
In His name, I mark you with the sign of the cross, and, after me, your parents (and godparents) will also mark you with the same sign of Christ the Savior."
This is followed by the entrance and a procession while a hymn of choice is sung; Psalm 84 is suggested – in the Vulgate, 83, but throughout the world, Psalm 100 (99) Iubilate Deo, omnis terra / Shout for joy to the Lord, all the earth, a psalm of praise par excellence, or another of similar tone, is also suggested.
The impression one gets is that the person to be baptized enters fully into the Church and that, therefore, joy immediately prevails, as if Satan's mark on the soul of the person to be baptized and his power over it were something insignificant.
The contrast is quite clear with the dramatic tone that characterizes the entire first part of the celebration according to the traditional ritual, which nevertheless acknowledges, from the very beginning, the joy of the new life inaugurated by baptism (the prayer preceding the imposition of salt is an example of this:
"so that, marked by the sign of your wisdom, the baptized person may be free from the infection of all evil passions and animated by the fragrance of your commandments, he may serve you joyfully in your Church").
Finally, the difference between the two rituals lies especially in the exorcisms.
There, it is considerable:
In the traditional ritual, the two exorcisms themselves are particularly explicit: " I exorcise you, unclean spirit, in the name of the Father † and of the Son † and of the Holy Spirit †, go away, depart from this servant of God: it is the same God who commands you, cursed one, the same one whose feet walked on the sea and whose right hand sustained Peter as he attacked. Therefore, cursed demon, accept your sentence and give honor to the living and true God, give honor to his Son Jesus Christ and to the Holy Spirit, and leave this servant of God..." The exorcism then concludes with the tracing of the sign of the Cross: "And this sign of the Holy Cross † that we trace on his forehead, you, cursed demon, never dare to violate." And the second exorcism: "I exorcise you, unclean spirit, in the name of God † the Father Almighty, and in the name of his Son Jesus † Christ, Our Lord and Judge, and by the power of the Holy Spirit †; depart from this creature of God..."
In the new ritual, there is a prayer that precedes the celebration of the sacrament.
It is not an exorcism per se, by which the minister of Christ, in his name, commands Satan to depart, but rather a prayer by which God is simply asked to deign to generically "expel the power of Satan from us," and thus the baptized person may be, in a more veiled or diffuse tone, "snatched away from the darkness."
The first formula (in the Portuguese version, since there may always be variations in text and even meaning depending on the language):
"Almighty and eternal God, who sent your Son into the world to expel from us the power of Satan, the spirit of evil, and to transfer man, snatched from darkness, to the admirable kingdom of your light, we humbly ask that this child, freed from original sin, may become a dwelling place of the Holy Spirit and a temple of your glory."
The second formula:
"Almighty God, who sent your only begotten Son to give to man, enslaved by sin, the freedom of your children, we humbly implore your mercy for this child: through the death and resurrection of Christ, free him now from the stain of original sin, and, as he will experience the temptations of the world and struggle against the snares of the devil, strengthen him with the grace of Christ himself and continually guide him on the path of his life."
It is true that, just as in the Mass, the consecration, considered individually, contains within itself the reality of the sacrifice that other prayers, such as those of the offertory in the traditional Mass, merely make explicit, so too in baptism, the infusion of water accompanied by the words of baptism contains the entire meaning of the sacrament, including the expulsion of the demon, which the exorcisms of the traditional rite also intend to make explicit.
This does not, however, preclude the fact that the suppression of this explicitness necessarily has consequences for the faith of the faithful.
…And not only in relation to faith. Fr. Jean-Régis Fropo, who was a priest in the diocese of Fréjus-Toulon between 2005 and 2014, drew the attention of Church authorities in France and Rome to the deficiencies present in the baptismal ritual of May 15, 1969, regarding the fight against the devil.
According to him, there are certain cases of demonic possession of children and baptized adults whose explanation can be found in the inadequacy of this new ritual in matters of exorcism.
In any case, similar reasons to those that lead to preferring the traditional Mass to the new Mass – namely, insufficiencies present in the new liturgy regarding doctrinal expression – also lead many parents, when they must baptize their children, to opt for the traditional form.
Now, since 2007, this is a clearly recognized right for them.
- Senza Pagare: The impoverished ritual of child baptism
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