06/03/2026
The Martyrs of Uganda
On June 3, 1886, thirty-two young men, pages of the court of King
Mwanga of Buganda, were burned to death at Namugongo for their
refusal to renounce Christianity. In the following months many other
Christians throughout the country died by fire or spear for their faith.
These martyrdoms greatly changed the dynamic of Christian
growth in Uganda. Introduced by a handful of Anglican and Roman
Catholic missionaries after 1877, the Christian faith had been preached
only to the immediate members of the court, by order of King Mutesa.
His successor, Mwanga, became increasingly angry as he realized that
the first converts put loyalty to Christ above the traditional loyalty to the
king.
The martyrdoms began in 1885. Mwanga first forbade anyone
to go near a Christian mission on pain of death, but when he found
himself unable to cool the ardor of the converts, he resolved to wipe out
Christianity.
The Namugongo martyrdoms produced a result entirely opposite
to Mwanga’s intentions. The example of these martyrs, who walked to
their death singing hymns and praying for their enemies, so inspired
many of the bystanders that they began to seek instruction from the
remaining Christians. Within a few years the original handful of
converts had multiplied many times and had spread far beyond the
court. The martyrs had left the indelible impression that Christianity
was truly African, not simply a white man’s religion. Most of the
missionary work was carried out by Africans rather than by white
missionaries, and Christianity spread steadily.
Renewed persecution of Christians by a Muslim military
dictatorship in the 1970s proved the vitality of the example of the
Namugongo martyrs. Among the thousands of new martyrs, both
Anglican and Roman Catholic, was Janani Luwum, Archbishop of the
Anglican Church of Uganda, whose courageous ministry and death
inspired not only members of his own country, but also Christians
throughout the world.