01/09/2026
"How to strengthen the scattered congregations of the Valley, which have been depleted by long continued drains by removals to the West and other causes, has engaged attention for years. The effort to draw and hold from the outside world by high pressure; and latterly, by liturgical services and emphasizing distinctive dogmas and methods with occasional preaching, have barely kept some of the scattered organizations together. There appears to be need of new life and blood among our people, bringing into action and imparting that vital consciousness which will awake to personal responsibility."
--- "Scandinavian Immigration," Minutes of the Seventy-Third Annual Convention of the Evangelical Lutheran synod of Virginia, October 21-26, 1902, p. 17.
The paper "Scandinavian Immigration" was submitted to the Virginia Synod Assembly by a Maj. Absalom Koiner, a C.S.A. veteran of the Civil War. In the paper he noted the diminishment of the congregations of the Shenandoah Valley and thought to replace those lost to western movement (and other causes) with Scandinavians. Upon recommendation of a select committee appointed to review Koiner's paper, a committee of five (including the president and the secretary of the Synod) was appointed "to devise a plan by which [the Scandinavians] may be induced to locate within our bounds and be provided for spiritually."
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