06/08/2026
Yesterday's sermon. I address the church and politics at least once a year!
Render Unto Caesar (Matthew 22:15-22)
The lectionary readings this past week included the story of Jesus being challenged about paying the imperial tax. It’s an important story for understanding the Christian’s obligations to the government. Since we’re in another election season, and the country is celebrating its 250th anniversary (semiquincentennial) next month, I thought I would focus on that gospel reading this morning.
Our text is in Matthew 22. As you turn there, let me give you a bit of background on the story. This story is part of the Passion Week account in all three synoptic gospels. On Sunday, Jesus had come into town being acclaimed by the crowds, causing the religious leaders real concern. On Monday, Jesus cleared the temple of the moneychangers and animals, which was another challenge to the corrupt temple authorities and religious leaders. They resolved to get rid of him any way they could.
This story takes place the next day, on Tuesday. The leaders in Jerusalem were afraid to arrest Jesus openly, fearing the crowds would take his side. They needed some way to turn the crowds against him, or a pretext for the Romans to move against him. So they laid a trap that they were sure Jesus couldn’t escape. With that background, let’s read our text, Matthew 22:15-22.
The Pharisees saw themselves as the religious guardians of Israel. They hated Jesus because Jesus didn’t answer to them—he claimed to have authority straight from God.
Their partners in trying to trap Jesus were the Herodians. The Herodians weren’t particularly religious. They were more into political power—how to stay on the good side of Rome, and how to use Roman power for their own benefit.
Before the Pharisees and Herodians posed their question, they laid on the flattery: “Teacher, we know that you are a man of integrity and that you teach the way of God in accordance with the truth. You aren’t swayed by others, because you pay no attention to who they are.” Others might sell out to the rich and powerful, but not you! We know you’ll stand up to the Man! The crowd already perceived Jesus as a heroic, truth-telling prophet, based on his clearing the temple. The conspirators wanted Jesus to assume that role in a way that would make him vulnerable to arrest.
That was the set-up. Then came the question: “Tell us then, what is your opinion? Is it right to pay the imperial tax to Caesar, or not?”
The Romans assessed a tax of one denarius a year on every man, woman, and child in the empire, as a source of general revenue. (A denarius was worth one day's wages for a worker.) The Jews resented having to pay the tax because it was a reminder that they were under the power of a pagan government and couldn’t really do anything about it.
The Pharisees who posed the question were thinking, “We’ve got him now! If he says, ‘Jews shouldn’t pay the Roman tax. We should assert our independence! We should throw off the shackles of Roman oppression. God wants the land of Israel to be free!’ If he says that, the Herodians will immediately report him to the Roman authorities as a rebel, and he’ll be crucified.
On the other hand, if he says, ‘Yes, we should pay the tax,’ then we’ll tell the crowds that Jesus is nothing but a sellout and a collaborator with the Romans, and he’ll lose all his credibility. That way, when we arrest him and do away with him, the crowds won’t come to his rescue.”
But Jesus knew their evil intent. He responded to them, “You hypocrites, why are you trying to trap me? Show me the coin used for paying the tax.” They brought him a denarius. On one side of the coin was an image of Tiberius Caesar. On the other side was an inscription that read, “Tiberius Caesar Augustus, son of the divine Augustus.”
Jesus asked them, “Whose image is this? And whose inscription?” “Caesar’s,” they replied.
“So give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.”
“When they heard this, they were amazed. So they left him and went away.”
They were amazed that Jesus was able to disarm the trap so simply and effectively. They couldn’t accuse Jesus of being a rebel against Rome—Jesus had advocated paying the tax. But they couldn’t tell the people that Jesus ignored Jewish heritage and law. Jesus advocated giving to God what was properly due to God, which would include obedience and worship.
I think Jesus was the wisest man who ever lived, and this is a great example of his wisdom. But what Jesus says also gives us guidance about a critical question: How should a Christian relate to the government?
Jesus said, “Give back to Caesar what is Caesar’s.” The Greek word translated “give back” is “apodidomi,” which means to pay, compensate, or give back. The implication is that Caesar, or governments in general, provide us with some important benefits, and therefore we should support the government with our taxes.
Do you remember the line from the Monty Python movie, “OK, but apart from the sanitation, medicine, education, wine, public order, irrigation, roads, fresh water, and system of public health, what have the Romans ever done for us?” A properly functioning government provides real benefits for the people. As we heard in the earlier reading from Romans 13, the Bible endorses the idea that the government is there to reign in bad behavior, punish evildoers, and encourage the acts of good people, and therefore, it’s appropriate for Christians to support the government by paying taxes.
But Jesus also commands us to give back to God what is due to God. And that’s our worship, our gratitude, our service, and our obedience. Our allegiance to God is over and above our allegiance to the government. God is the ultimate authority.
What happens when a government begins acting against Biblical mandates and principles? When it begins to act unjustly, or sets up systems that are outside the scope of what the government should be doing, or restricts the free proclamation of the gospel? In those cases, it’s the duty of the Christian to obey God rather than the government. That’s clear from many stories in the book of Acts.
Could that happen in America? Absolutely! Some local governments are mandating that immoral behavior be taught in the schools. In those places Christian parents should take a stand at school board meetings, and run candidates for the local school board who will vote down such policies. If the school won’t back down, then Christian parents should seek out a private school or home school.
If the government mandates that worship services be shut down, or allows the disruption of worship services, or arrests street preachers and peaceful pro-life protesters, Christians should ignore the government and continue to meet, preach, protest, and worship.
If a government defaults on its core biblical mandate to punish lawbreakers by allowing in millions of illegal aliens and then refusing to punish them when they commit crimes, then Christians should take a stand against those policies and support candidates who promise a return to law and order.
If the government fosters a court system in which people of a particular race or political party go largely unpunished for rioting, looting, destruction of property, and assault, but people who protest the government’s corruption or inaction are given harsh prison sentences, then Christians should take a vocal stand against such an unjust judicial system and support candidates who promise a return to the fair and impartial application of the law.
Christians should support good government, be law-abiding citizens, be informed voters, and pay their taxes. Christians should pray every day for their government leaders, even the terrible ones. And Christians should take a stand when the government fails to do what it should be doing and starts doing what it shouldn’t be doing. There may be a high cost for doing that, but that’s our obligation.