02/01/2026
Homily, fourth Sunday in Ordinary Time
Today's Gospel is the familiar sermon on the mount of Matthew chapter 5. In all of the New Testament, nothing so clearly spells out the central teachings of Jesus as do the Beatitudes. These several verses, consisting of nine statements, are the central core of the Christian tradition—a core that all too many self-professed Christians forget. They contain within them all of the knowledge necessary to grow on the path that the Divine has offered to humanity.
We’ve all heard them many times in our lives, and we’ve heard the story around them. In today’s America, happiness is unfortunately often centered around external things: self-reliance, material wealth and accumulation of things, along with the necessary assertiveness and action to achieve them. Yet happiness is often measured in terms of comfort, popularity and power. The end result of this is typically spiritual decay, exhaustion, ambivalence and isolation. Even those who are self-professed Christians often fool themselves into believing that they are living the life that they believe Jesua wishes for them.
So what is it that Jeshua tells us in the beatitudes that stands in opposition to these ideas?
To truly understand these nine short aphorisms, one has to understand that Jeshua spoke that day to people who were in a class called “anawim”—those without power, those without wealth, and those without comfort. Those that followed Jesua onto the mountain that day were social outcasts in the eyes of those in power—people who had little to lose, and everything to gain. These aphorisms are not new commandments; they are not new things that people need to do in order to experience the Divine. They are actually reflections of what those awakened into the Divine life will experience, they are traits that will be exhibited rather than prescriptions for attainment.
“Blessed are…” Matthew wrote his gospel in Greek, and the Greek word used here is Μακάριοι, (makarioi) translated into Latin as “beatus” but Jeshua spoke in Aramaic, and so would have used the word “Toowayhon”, which contains a richer meaning: happy, fulfilled, blissful. This Aramaic word connotes something far deeper: the capacity to enjoy union and communion with the Divine. It is an active word, a word that inscribes relationship and encompasses a sense of wholeness. This is very important to remember as we explicate these nine verses.
Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. This verse has always confused people, for how can those poor in spirit live in the kingdom of heaven? In Greek, the word used for “poor” is πτωχοὶ (potokoi), which is a very interesting word. The kind of poverty here is meant to portray the dependence of a beggar, whose life is one that depends upon what is given to them. Jesua is telling his listeners that knowing that all things come from the Divine relieves people from having to worry about where the next meal will come from. This is reminiscent of what Jeshua tells people in the next chapter of Matthew 6: “Look at the birds of the air; they do not sow or reap or store away in barns, and yet your heavenly Father feeds them. Are you not much more valuable than they?” Poverty of spirit is faith, it is the lived experience that the Divine takes care of everything even if we think it’s impossible or improbable. The awakened heart knows that it is the Divine that supports us and that we live and breath in the Divine.
Blessed are those that mourn, for they will be comforted. As this is being written, America is in the grip of government sponsored terrorism that defends the shooting and killing of citizens as a matter of course and policy. Americans are beginning to wake up to the injustices being forced upon them, for even in the middle of national strife, those whose hearts are awakened are mourning injustice, mourning sin, and mourning the brokenness of the world. It is the awakened heart that longs for balance, longs for justice, and longs for equanimity. Those that wander or are in emotional turmoil will receive comfort from within. Nothing outside of our awareness will comfort us, only what comes from within will satisfy the wandering or broken hearted. The awakened heart turns within and finds the blessings it needs in love.
The awakened heart is one that simultaneously sees cruelty yet seeks to heal it through love, knowing that the way of the Divine is love. Only through love can injustice be balanced. The awakened heart knows that eventually, through love, those estranged from the Divine will wander home, and the comfort comes from knowing that all things have their time.
Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. There is something very special about this verse, for in Aramaic there are nuances of meaning in words that are completely absent from English. “Ripe are the gentle; they shall be open to receive strength from the earth”. The connotations in Aramaic here are special: the meek are those who have softened what has been hard, or surrendered to the Divine. Only in those who have softened the ground of their being can the work of God be manifest. The power of the earth or universe can then flow through such a life; the power of the Divine expresses as a fertile and unbounded expansion of growth. The meek therefore inherit the expanse of all of creation itself.
Blessed are they who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be satisfied. There are two levels of meaning inherent in this aphorism. The first is on the level of the individual, and the second is on the level of society. The awakened heart yearns for ever greater experience of the Divine, and turning within, find that the Divine is not separate from us, but integrated as the basis of our very being. Righteousness is not a description, is it a result. In first century Palestine, a righteous person is one who displays the love and wisdom of the Divine because they have found it, not just as one who seeks it. In Aramaic, the expressions of this verse include resting in the perfection of waiting intensely, that is, to wait intensely is to experience stillness and silence. Doing so is completing to the soul when it is watered by the spirit’s creativity through stillness.
Blessed are the merciful, for they will be shown mercy. In Aramaic, this would be translated as “Ripe are the compassionate; upon them shall be compassion.” There are deep connotations in Aramaic that need to be reinserted into these words, for contained here are ideas of the warmth of the womb, and the image of birthing mercy. The awakened heart experiences compassion because it embraces compassion from inside. The awakened heart knows that people behave in ways that are often unexpectedly vicious or cruel, yet realizes that the only response is compassion upon those who need it the most: the angry, the lost, the sad, the frustrated, those whose lives seem far from the Divine as well as those whose lives seek the Divine. By birthing mercy into the world, compassion heals the broken, salves the savage, and encourages the despondent.
Blessed are the clean of heart, for they will see God. Those awakened hearts who through lives of compassion, birth mercy into the world, are those who learn to see the Divine in others as well as within themselves. The awakened heart eventually learns that there is no difference between the Divine within and the Divine in others; that both are the same Divine. The Aramaic roots of the words in this aphorism call up the image of a flower blooming because that is its nature, and it has no other choice than to fulfill its own nature. The concept of heart here includes a center from which radiates life, vitality, direction and courage. The awakened heart is one that radiates the light of life, but see that light in others.
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they will be called children of God. The awakened heart is a peacemaker, for it experiences peace. From peace comes peace. The world is always in chaos. But the awakened heart is a center of “shalom”, and from this center emanates love, compassion, strength and acceptance. In this sense, the children of God are the qualities of the Divine that the awakened heart radiates, such emanations are Divine creations.
Blessed are they who are persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. The awakened heart is one that vibrates with intensity—the intensity of silence, of stillness, of creative potential. The awakened heart can soothe or disturb; it can heal or agitate. The world is one of chaos for the chaotic, while for the awakened heart the world is one of potential. In the presence of the awakened heart, the slumbering heart may feel uncomfortable as it is urged to awaken. Those who live in stress, confusion and chaos have always preyed upon those who seek balance and justice in life. The awakened heart knows that the Divine is within them and so no matter how chaotic the world is, nothing can take that away. Being free inside, the awakened heart cannot be chained by those who would try, and cannot be suppressed. Love cannot be denied, delayed nor hindered. The awakened heart already knows the kingdom of heaven is inside and outside if one buts looks to see that light of the Divine in all things. By living as an awakened heart, love can be contagious, spreading from one person to another. Enough awakened hearts can change the direction of time and society.
Blessed are you when they insult you and persecute you and utter every kind of evil against you falsely because of me. The awakened heart sees the world very differently than the sleeping heart. While the awakened heart sees the world—even a broken and chaotic world—as the place where the Divine can live, the sleeping heart experiences nightmares and pain, fear and powerlessness, and seeks to impose pain and fear and powerlessness upon others by dehumanizing and trivializing them and devaluing their lives. The sleeping heart insulates itself from others by labeling and devaluing others, and by doing so further isolates and devalues itself. Eventually the pain of isolation and the misery it causes cannot be mediated by continuing to cause pain for others, and the sleeping heart is often jolted into beginning to wake up precisely because nothing else is working. When that happens, there is often an awakened heart that comes into their lives to help guide them back home.
And I say: Blessed are those who endure, for they will, hand in hand, help walk others home.