10/21/2025
The Gospel of God's Grace
A Study in the Epistle to the Galatians
Lesson One—Introduction
Who Where the Galatians?
The people who first became known as Galatians came from the barbarian tribal stock known as Celts, one branch of which Julius Caesar knew in France as the Gauls. Some of these had invaded Macedonia and later Asia Minor in the third century B.C.. They were distinguished from the West-European Gauls by the term "Gallo-Graecians," from which the name "Galatians" comes. They inhabited a region in what is now central Turkey that included the south central cities of Antioch, Iconium, Derbe, and Lystra—cities Paul and Barnabas visited on their first missionary journey (Acts 13 & 14)—where churches were established.
Why Did Paul Write to Them?
Soon after the conversion of the Galatians and Paul's subsequent departure (1:6), members of the circumcision party (Judaizers) infiltrated these young congregations. They appear to have been Jewish Christians, whether or not directly related to Jerusalem. For them Jesus was the Messiah of Israel's hope, but circumcision and submission to the Jewish law remained mandatory for all, Gentiles as well as Jews. One needed to believe in Jesus Christ and submit to circumcision, in order to be right with God.
To gain leverage for their teachings, the Judaizers claimed that Paul was not a real apostle (1:1), thereby seeking to undermine his authority. They charged that he was a man-pleaser (1:10) who either preached or did not preach circumcision as the occasion demanded (5:11; cf. 1 Cor. 9:19—23). They likely felt that the Gentile converts needed allegiance to the law to keep them from lapsing into pagan immoralities and that Paul's "liberalism" left them in a precarious position.
Thus the Galatian letter was written by Paul to defend the Gospel of God's grace from the legalistic perversions of the Judaizers.
Important Definitions:
1. Adoption: God's loving action making people who receive salvation His children and heirs, (Romans 8:15,23; Galatians 4:5; Ephesians 1:4.
2. Circumcision: The removal of fo****in as a sign of inclusion among the covenant people of Israel (Genesis 17:13). Demanded by some Jewish church members as necessary for salvation, a demand Paul opposed as heresy (Galatians 5:1-6; cf. Acts 15).
3. Gospel: The good news of the redeeming work of God through the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ.
4. Grace: The unmerited favor of God that provides our salvation.
5. Justification: Linked to righteousness, it is the process by which an individual is brought into an unmerited, right standing with God. In Christian theology a person is made right with God by (on the basis of) faith in Jesus Christ who died as an atoning sacrifice for our sins, and who was resurrected from the dead (Romans 3:20—31).
6. Law: God's instruction to His people about how to love Him and others. When used with the definite article, it may refer to the OLD TESTAMENT as a whole, but usually to the Pentateuch (first 5 books of the OLD TESTAMENT). Used by Paul and others in the NEW TESTAMENT to refer to oral interpretations of the law by Jewish rabbis developed into a system seen as necessary for salvation, a development condemned by the NEW TESTAMENT (Romans 3:20; Galatians 2:16).
7. Legalism: The belief that a person to have salvation must keep God's law (as interpreted by professional teachers) as well as having faith in Christ. An attitude of pride that conforms to a set of rules in order to glorify self.
8. Righteousness: Linked to justification, righteousness is God's gift of rightness to the one who has faith in Him through Jesus Christ. It is the quality or condition of being in right relationship with God; living out the relationship with God in right relationships with other persons.