05/02/2026
Quaker connection to the Mason-Dixon line.
Jeremiah Dixon was an English Quaker surveyor and astronomer. He was written out of Raby Meeting in Durham in 1760 at the age of 27 with this minute:
“Jery Dixon, son of George and Mary Dixon of Cockfield disowned for drinking to excess.”
But that reputation didn’t affect his career, as he and Charles Mason were selected by the Royal Society to observe the transit of Venus the following year. After this success, the pair were next contracted to resolve a boundary dispute between Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. Dixon, Mason, and their Iroquois guides spent 1763-1767 surveying the boundary, but had to abandon the project before its completion when they came to Lenape territory and the guides refused to go farther. The border became known as the Mason-Dixon Line, and when Pennsylvania abolished slavery in 1781, this line was the boundary between slave states in the south and free states in the north.
The most famous story about Jeremiah Dixon shows off his Quaker conscience, if not his Quaker methods. One day, Dixon came across a slave driver beating an enslaved woman.
Going up to him, Dixon said, “Thou must not do that!”
He received the curt answer, “You be damned! Mind your own business.”
Dixon replied, “If thou doesn’t desist, I'll thrash thee!” Then he seized the slave driver’s whip and with it gave him a sound thrashing. Dixon kept the whip as a trophy and took it back with him to Cockfield, where it was long regarded as a family treasure.
Dixon's name may be the origin for the nickname “Dixie" used for the Southern United States.