01/11/2026
How Hillel Became President: Who is an Authority in the Jewish World?
Recent Lunch and Learn: The night before Passover, and the pilgrims at the Temple in Jerusalem are in panic. Passover fell this year on a Saturday night, and it turns out the religious leadership doesn’t offer clear guidance about whether the preparations for the Paschal Lamb offering can be done on the Sabbath.
Into this vacuum of leadership enters an outsider, Hillel from Babylonia, and in a short series of exchanges becomes President of Israel. Thus the Talmud introduces us to the figure of Hillel,
and through him to the basics of Talmudic scholastic study, and the tensions between tradition and innovation.
This tale was so popular it was told three separate times in the Talmudic literature, and each time with a totally different moral to the story (and a different sense of humor). Comparing these three texts allows us to explore various visions of authority and innovation, how the Torah is to be studied, and who is an authority in the Jewish world.