The Indigenous, 371 Hidden Valley Road Cle Elum, Washington(WA), Cle Elum, WA (2026)

10/31/2022

Siupakio (aka Mrs. Pat Grasshopper) and her sister, Sikunnacio (aka Mrs. David One Spot), in camp on Sarcee Reserve No. 145, near Calgary in southern Alberta - Sarcee - 1885

10/31/2022

The Cayuse people of Oregon and southeastern Washington merged with their close relations, the Umatilla and Walla Walla tribes, in 1855, after a treaty forced them to cede most of their ancestral land for the 250,000-acre Umatilla Indian Reservation in Oregon, where they still live today.
A Cayuse man. 1910.
Edward Curtis/Library of Congress

10/31/2022

During the last decade prior to the establishment of reservations, the dance had achieved prominence as a successful celebration for petitioning supernatural protection in warfare activities. The dance was the property of the Omaha society, a man's organization. Accordingly, participation was restricted to society members and their families. Certain sacred badges of distinction were reserved for outstanding members. Prominent features of the celebration included dancing, oratory, give-aways, ritual drama, and feasting. The song, oratory, and dance pantomine aroused a patriotic fervor while warfare achievements and victories were reenacted. Giveaways, public distributions of gifts by hosts and other prominent persons, served to reinforce social relationships and demonstrate generosity. All ceremonies climaxed with a ritual drama or kettle dance, which included a flamboyant display of dancing with warriors dramatically vanquishing the enemy, symbolized by a pail of cooked dog meat. Typicall y, celebrations also served as protracted social affairs, and lasted well into the night.
"The Omaha Dance in Oglala and Sicangu Sioux History, 1883-1923 by Mark G. Thiel"

10/30/2022

Native Tribes of North America Mapped
The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in North America about 15 thousand years ago. As a result, a wide diversity of communities, societies, and cultures finally developed on the continent over the millennia.
The population figure for Indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus was 70 million or more.
About 562 tribes inhabited the contiguous U.S. territory. Ten largest North American Indian tribes: Arikara, Cherokee, Iroquois, Pawnee, Sioux, Apache, Eskimo, Comanche, Choctaw, Cree, Ojibwa, Mohawk, Cheyenne, Navajo, Seminole, Hope, Shoshone, Mohican, Shawnee, Mi’kmaq, Paiute, Wampanoag, Ho-Chunk, Chumash, Haida.
Below is the tribal map of Pre-European North America.
The old map below gives a Native American perspective by placing the tribes in full flower ~ the “Glory Days.” It is pre-contact from across the eastern sea or, at least, before that contact seriously affected change. Stretching over 400 years, the time of contact was quite different from tribe to tribe. For instance, the “Glory Days” of the Maya and Aztec came to an end very long before the interior tribes of other areas, with some still resisting almost until the 20th Century.
At one time, numbering in the millions, the native peoples spoke close to 4,000 languages.
The Americas’ European conquest, which began in 1492, ended in a sharp drop in the Native American population through epidemics, hostilities, ethnic cleansing, and slavery.
When the United States was founded, established Native American tribes were viewed as semi-independent nations, as they

10/30/2022

Makhpiya-Luta, aka Red Cloud
For most of his life, Red Cloud was fighting. At first, it was to defend his Oglala people against the Pawnee and Crow tribes, but by the time he reached his forties, Red Cloud was fighting the white man. His efforts led to the defeat of Fort Phil Kearny in Wyoming in 1867 and kept soldiers at bay (and in fear) for the rest of the winter. In the two years that followed, the government signed the Fort Laramie Treaty and gave the Native Americans land in Wyoming, Montana, and South Dakota. But soon after, the Black Hills were invaded, and Red Cloud and his people lost their land. Until his death in 1909, Red Cloud tried other ways to make peace and preserve the culture of his people, working with government officials and agents to reach a fair agreement.

10/30/2022

Chief White Eagle (c. 1825 - February 3, 1914) was a Native American politician and American civil rights leader who served as the hereditary chief of the Ponca from 1870 until 1904. His 34-year tenure as the Ponca head of state spanned the most consequential period of cultural and political change in their history, beginning with the unlawful Ponca Trail of Tears in 1877 and continuing through his successful effort to obtain justice for his people by utilizing the American media to wage a public relations campaign against the United States and President Rutherford B. Hayes. His advocacy against America's Indian removal policy following the Ponca Trail of Tears marked a shift in public opinion against the federal government's Indian policy that ended the policy of removal, placing him at the forefront of the nascent Native American civil rights movement in the second half of the 19th century.

10/29/2022

Wes Studi's has had one long enjoyable acting career. He was raised in Nofire Hollow Oklahoma, speaking Cherokee only until he started school. At 17 he joined the National Guard and later went to Vietnam. After his discharge, Studi became politically active in American Indian affairs. He participated in Wounded Knee at Pine Ridge Reservation in 1973. Wes is known for his roles as a fierce Native American warrior, such as the Pawnee warrior in Dances with Wolves. In the Last of the Mohicans he plays the Huron named Magua, which was his first major part. Soon after he got the lead role in Geronimo: An American Legend. He was in Skinwalkers, The Lone Ranger, and The Horse Whisperer. He played the Indian out in the desert in The Doors movie, and he was also in Avatar. Studi also plays bass and he and his wife are in a band called Firecat of Discord. Wes Studi also serves as honorary chair of the national endowment campaign, of the Indigenous Language Institute that's working to save Native Languages. He and his family live in Santa Fe New Mexico, and Wes has been in several other movies, TV shows and movies, and mini series. He also received an Academy Honorary Award, becoming the first Native American and the second North American Indigenous person to be honored by the Academy, the first was Buffy Sainte-Marie, a First Nations Canadian Indigenous musician.

10/29/2022

Native American Church
The focus of the Native American church is the ceremonial and sacramental use of pe**te, an entheogenic cactus, much talked about in Castañeda's books as mescalito , used among the Huichol and other tribes of North America and Mexico for thousands of years. The use of Pe**te was first documented among the Aztecs 400 years ago.
The American religion of the Pe**te as an organized phenomenon, took place around 1880 in Oklahoma, in the southern plains tribes, like the Comanches and the Kiowas, who were in a condition of decline, of oppression on the reservations.
Its founder was *Quanah Parker,* a Comanche chief who studied pe**te in Mexico in the 1880s, as a medicine to cure serious illness and injury. At the time of his death in 1911, pe**te was used by several tribes, which integrated elements of Christianity and the natives. Gradually the ceremonial use of pe**te spread to other tribes.
The formal establishment of churches came mainly in response to controversies over cactus use, which threatened to criminalize its use. Indians bravely defended religious freedom in their respective states and in Congress. They considered Pe**te as a holistic medicine and a Christian sacrament as a part of the body of Christ.
The Native American Church represents a fusion of Christianity, invocations of Jesus, Bible readings, use of crucifixes with Pe**te religions. First in Oklahoma and later in other traditional Native Americans. The native counter parts of the ritual that the Native American church uses are similar to the Mexican pe**te rituals; sacramental smoke wrapped in corn husks, feathers, water drum, rattle, incense, central fire (transverse fire in the shape of a half moon), sacred artifacts, the emphasis on the four directions. It is estimated that the Native American Church – NAC has approximately 250,000 participants.
Singing occupies approximately sixty percent of the church's devotional ritual. There are healing works, baptisms, funerals and birthdays. Pe**te is considered a gift from God, it is called medicine and is passed clockwise, eaten and consumed in the form of tea, according to the ritual, from night until dawn. day.
Values such as economic self-sufficiency, prayers for illness, family obligations, and prayers for peace are worked on.
At dawn the conductor sings the song of dawn; then the water woman comes in with water to drink. It also features a simple small ceremonial meal that signals the end of the ceremony.

10/29/2022

White Man Runs Him (Mahr-Itah-Thee-Dah-Ka-Roosh)(~1858–1929) was a Crow Native American scout serving under General Custer during the Lakota Wars. As the Crow were traditional enemies of the Lakota and Cheyenne, White Man Runs Him signed up to help defeat his tribe's sworn opponents at the age of 18. He enlisted in April of 1876 and was transferred to Custer's 7th Cavalry 2 months later. There he served alongside 5 other Crow scouts during the battle of Little Bighorn and the days preceding it. Before the battle, the 6 scouts spotted indications of a large horse herd and a very large encampment. They advised Custer to be cautious about his approach, but he nevertheless ordered an attack, thinking that the Natives would scatter if they spotted his 650 man force. By official accounts the 6 scouts briefly saw combat, surviving the engagement and avoiding the tragic fate of around 200 U.S. soldiers of the 7th Cavalry, including General Custer. After the battle he moved onto the Crow Reservation in Montana, where he became a minor celebrity for his being a participant in the battle. He was the grandfather of Joe Medicine Crow, a Crow historian (who we made a post about!), as well as Pauline Small, the first woman elected to office in the Crow tribe. He died on the reserve in 1929.

10/28/2022

Curley was a scout for Gen. George Custer and watched the 1876 Battle at the Little Big Horn from a periphery. He was described as a “remorse, taciturn sort of fellow and disinclined to make friends, and rarely talks or pays much attention to anyone.” He once said, “I spring from Crow earth and will never leave it. A teepee and food for my wife and child—grass for my ponies—and I go back to the ground of my fathers.”

10/28/2022

Joseph White Cow Bull (Cheyenne) being painted by Artist David Humphreys Miller. Circa 1938. White Cow Bull was a survivor of the Battle of a Little Big Horn.
Mr Miller found 72 survivors of the battle. He learned their language, 13 in all, and ended up painting all 72. He also collected their stories and wrote a book, “Custer’s Fall, The Indian side of the Story.”
He also wrote a book called “Ghost Dance” about Wounded Knee.
While talking to Joseph White Cow Bull, he was told what happened during the battle. White Cow Bull never said he shot Custer, but from the description of the battle, the Horse the rider was on and corroboration from the others he spoke to, he determined it was Joseph White Cow Bull that shot Custer early in the fight. The horse the rider was on had 4 white stockings and Custer’s horse was the only horse with those markings.

10/27/2022

Keanu Reeves was abandoned by his father at 3 years old and grew up with 3 different stepfathers. He is dyslexic. His dream of becoming a hockey player was shattered by a serious accident. His daughter died at birth. His wife died in a car accident. His best friend, River Phoenix, died of an overdose. His sister has leukemia.
And with everything that has happened, Keanu Reeves never misses an opportunity to help people in need. When he was filming the movie "The Lake House," he overheard the conversation of two costume assistants; One cried because he would lose his house if he did not pay $20,000 and on the same day Keanu deposited the necessary amount in the woman's bank account; He also donated stratospheric sums to hospitals.
In 2010, on his birthday, Keanu walked into a bakery and bought a brioche with a single candle, ate it in front of the bakery, and offered coffee to people who stopped to talk to him.
After winning astronomical sums for the Matrix trilogy, the actor donated more than $50 million to the staff who handled the costumes and special effects - the true heroes of the trilogy, as he called them.
He also gave a Harley-Davidson to each of the stunt doubles. A total expense of several million dollars. And for many successful films, he has even given up 90% of his salary to allow the production to hire other stars.
In 1997 some paparazzi found him walking one morning in the company of a homeless man in Los Angeles, listening to him and sharing his life for a few hours.
Most stars when they make a charitable gesture they declare it to all the media. He has never claimed to be doing charity, he simply does it as a matter of moral principles and not to look better in the eyes of others.
This man could buy everything, and instead every day he gets up and chooses one thing that cannot be bought: To be a good person.
Keanu Reeves’ father is of Native Hawaiian descent

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