04/06/2026
From Fr. Cassian Sibley
"Many years ago, I wrote this at one of those rare moments in which war was not at the center of our national consciousness, under the (as it proved, correct) assumption that talking about the Church's moral teaching about war during a time of conflict would be regarded as controversial and "political" rather than, as it is, a matter of Christian ethics. In short, I wrote it to prepare my parishioners for moments like these, when it would be important to tell the truth about war in an emotionally charged moment. I have reposted it annually ever since, both on my parish page and on my personal page, both because I believe it to be true, and because if it did not attract opposition then, it could hardly be attacked justly when the moment warranted the reminder of such things. It was the Christian Church - and more specifically, the Orthodox Church - that taught me that wars of aggression are wrong, and taught me why this is so. And so, without further ado, or preamble, I repost what I have been taught, have always believed, and have never been corrected regarding (except by the odd pacifist who did not think that I went far enough): the Christian teaching with respect to war, exactly as it was first posted on my parish website, almost 20 years ago:
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From Fr. Cassian:
The following comments are concerning the Christian teachings about war. One usually discusses such things at the advent of a new conflict, when people's passions are aroused, and when political partisanship has become fixed. Under such circumstances, whatever one says is perceived, whether correctly or falsely, as political. But the Church does have something to say about the matter, and Christianity does have a rather well-defined stance with respect to the morality and ethics of war. So, I am posting this at a time in which this is not at the center of our national debate, in the hopes that my parishioners can imbibe the principles now, that may become necessary later. (None of this is intended to deny or down-play the fact that our nation is now at war, has been so continuously for the last 30 years or so, and that much if not all of our conduct during that time has been in flat defiance of Christian moral teaching. But it is not currently a political hot potato - and I have hopes that some of you might be in a position to hear what I have an obligation to try and teach as a Christian priest regarding the ethics of the thing. He who has ears - let him hear!):
"The "Just War" or "Justifiable War" doctrine developed out of the very reasonable and commendable belief that innocents should be protected from those who would harm them, and that those moved by other-regarding love, however willing they might be to accept personal wrongs and turn the other cheek should not be prepared to stand idly by as those whom they love or have an obligation to care for are oppressed, persecuted, or slaughtered. That is, it seems to me, a genuine moral insight, and provides the motivational impetus for not altogether scrapping such ethical traditions in the Orthodox Church.
The problem, though, is that the moral insight involved is of very narrow scope with respect to national conflicts, really only applying, even theoretically, to defensive wars or wars to recover recently captured territory where one's citizens are being mistreated. This sorely limits the character of one's military options, and almost guarantees, over time, a territorially shrinking state, which makes it a hard sell to the patriotic, and repulsive to those committed to expanding political power.
Once Christians acquired political power, this became as hard for them as anyone else, although, to give the "Romans" their due, the Byzantines did, amazingly, generally stay within at least fighting distance of this general approach. On the other hand, Christians unwilling to be so circumscribed by the Church's teaching were also generally unwilling to acknowledge that they were engaged in a fundamentally unjust activity, so the effort to expand the just war theory (or, more properly, the limits of ethically obligatory conflict) has been endless and clever and has sometimes led many to doubt that Christianity has anything genuinely helpful or useful to say about the boundaries and limits of national conflict.
I personally don't think genuine pacifism is fully compatible with agape, genuinely other-regarding love, in every case, for the reasons mentioned above, and I think that pacifism is also generally incompatible with a great many things that pacifists normally don't object to - basic policing, for instance. Christ did, in fact, give the state the sword, so there must be a moral place for its exercise. But that moral place is very, very, limited, and in our current circumstances a full-blown pacifism would probably, on the whole, hew closer to the obligations of love than anything currently practiced by those in power in our nation, and would probably do less ultimate harm preached from the amblon (the "pulpit") than many of the expanded and endlessly tweaked versions of the "just war" theory currently promulgated popularly. As Orthodox Christians, of course, we need not accept either, but it is clear where our emphasis should be placed.
Peace is, all things considered, a good thing. War is, all things considered, a barbaric iniquity. It should not be as hard as it is now to get Christians to throw their political weight against military adventurism of the sort that has become so continuous and so common for our nation.
I'm anti-war. So is Christianity. It's alright. We're allowed to say so. We should say so more often."