06/11/2026
The first class of Adult Instruction at The Lutheran Church of the Good Shepherd, Biloxi, MS.
Jesus Christ, the Word of God
Revealed in the Gospels
John 14:6
John 11:25–27
Mark 14:61–64
John 1:1, 14
Revealed in the Old Testament
Isaiah 7:14
Luke 24:25–27
Hebrews 1:1
Scripture, the Word of God
Romans 10:13–17
Deuteronomy 8:3
Matthew 4:4
John 8:31–32
“We believe, teach, and confess that the sole rule and standard according to which all dogmas together with [all] teachers should be estimated and judged are the prophetic and apostolic Scriptures of the Old and of the New Testament alone, as it is written Ps. 119:105: Thy Word is a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path. And St. Paul: Though an angel from heaven preach any other gospel unto you, let him be accursed, Gal. 1:8.” (Ep Summary, §1; brackets original)
The Scriptures are divided into the Old and New Testaments.
Old Testament – 39 books
Torah / Pentateuch:
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Historical Books:
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 & 2 Samuel
1 & 2 Kings
1 & 2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
Poetic Books:
Job
Psalms
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
Song of Songs (Song of Solomon)
Prophets:
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi
“The principal theme of the Old Testament is salvation promised in the Messiah.” (Kœ, 38; Genesis 3:15)
The New Testament – 27 books
The Gospels:
St. Matthew
St. Mark
St. Luke
St. John
The Acts of the Apostles
The Epistles
Pauline – Congregational
Romans
1&2 Corinthians
Galatians
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
1 & 2 Thessalonians
Pauline – Pastoral
1 & 2 Timothy
Titus
Philemon
General / Catholic (Universal)
Hebrews
James
1 & 2 Peter
1, 2, & 3 John
Jude
The Revelation to St. John
“The principal theme of the New Testament is salvation accomplished by Christ.” (Kœ, 38; 1 John 2:2; 1 Corinthians 1:23; Colossians 1:28)
The Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical – Various books and additions
Apocrypha means “hidden away”, Deuterocanonical means “second canon”.
The Compositions:
Judith
Wisdom of Solomon
Tobit
Ecclesiasticus (Jesus Sirach)
Baruch
Letter of Jeremiah
The Histories
1 Maccabees
2 Maccabees
Chapter additions
Old Greek Esther
Susanna
Bel and the Dragon
The Prayers and Songs
The Prayer of Azariah
Song of the Three Holy Children
The Prayer of Manasseh
Others
1 and 2 Esdras
3 and 4 Maccabees
Psalm 151
When?
The books of the Scriptures were written between 1446 BC and approximately AD 100.
How?
The Old Testament was written in Hebrew and Aramaic (c. 1446 BC—c. 430 BC) and translated into Koine Greek (The Septuagint/LXX; c. 285–247 BC).
The New Testament was written in Greek (c. AD 33—c. AD 100).
The Apocrypha was written Hebrew, perhaps Aramaic, and Greek (c. 5th Century BC—c. 1st Century AD)
Translations:
|Paraphrase| - |Dynamic Equivalent| - |Literal Translation|
The Septuagint (Old Testament in Greek) – 3rd century BC
The Vulgate (Latin translation compiled by St Jerome) – c. 4th AD
Die Heilige Schrift – Luther’s German translation for the common man – 1534
English: The King James Version of 1611 (KJV)
New King James Version (NKJV)
Revised Standard Version (RSV)
New American Standard Bible (NASB)
New International Version (NIV, pre v. post 2000)
English Standard Version (ESV)
English Heritage Version (EHV)
“To interpret the Scriptures means that we explain and restate what the texts of the Bible actually mean and teach in our own words. A Scripture text can have but one divinely intended sense and meaning. Two contradictory interpretations of the same text cannot both be correct. Biblical scholars speak of the sensus literalis unus est (‘There is one literal sense’). A true interpretation of the Bible, therefore, consists in the following: (1) finding, setting forth, and reaffirming the divinely intended meaning of the statements of the Scriptures; (2) taking the words as they read in their proper and plain sense as determined by the context; and (3) ruling out whatever conflicts with the ‘analogy of faith,’ that is, with other clear passages of the Bible that teach that particular doctrine. . . . Our purpose is not to prove the teachings of the Bible to be true to the satisfaction of human reason [, the magisterial, or judicial use of reason]. Instead, we merely wish to show that what we teach is in agreement with the Bible [, the ministerial use of reason].” (Kœ, 23)
Recommended for Further Study:
https://thebookofconcord.org/ or https://bookofconcord.org/
Isaiah 52:13–53:12
Acts 7
1 Corinthians 1:23
AC III
Ap III
Ap XII (V) §66–67
Ep VIII and FC VIII
L101 124–131
Di. 1–4
Kœ part I
On the Unity of Christ by Cyril of Alexandria
On the Incarnation by Athanasius of Alexandria
The Two Natures in Christ by Martin Chemnitz (in works vol. 6)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ngatWabDCS8
The first class of Adult Instruction at The Lutheran Church of the ...