04/17/2021
I'm just curious. Who out there besides me knows how to "line a hymn"?
A History of Hymn Lining
As early as the seventeenth century, a small number of slaves in the American colonies worshiped with their masters or attended services especially arranged for them. A large number of slaves were converted to Christianity during the Great Awakening, the first large-scale religious revival movement in North America, which began about 1734 in New England. The leader of the New England movement was Jonathan Edwards (1703-58), who taught absolute dependence on God and divine grace with great religious zeal. The religious fervor of the movement demanded music more lively than the hymns that were in use at that time. English writers produced most of the hymn texts during the Great Awakening. Isaac Watts was one of the most prolific and well known of the hymnists. Brothers John and Charles Wesley, who founded the Methodist church in 1729, were also among the most popular writers.
The Great Awakening spread throughout the country and had a profound impact on the American South. According to the religious ideology, true Christians were those who read the Bible, attended church regularly and sang hymns. Slaves were permitted to attend church services, either in a special section of the church or at separate services arranged by the slave owners. Some slave owners who chose not to allow their slaves to enter their place of worship either built or provided a separate place for their slaves to worship.
This forced segregated worship is what led to churches identifying as "Black Churches".
Since slaves (and many whites) could not read and the number of hymnals was limited, they "lined out" or "raised a hymn." This style of singing had been established in the colonies in the 1640s. A church elder or minister (sometimes called an "exhorter") who could read would recite a line, then sing it with the congregation. The process was repeated until the hymn was completed.