04/23/2023
On this date in 1702 (April 23rd), Margaret Fell died. (Born in 1614, exact date unknown.)
Quaker. Pacifist. Feminist. Preacher. Teacher. Married to George Fox. Author of "Women's Speaking Justified" (1666), a pioneering work that advocated for women ministers.
Born in Kirkby Ireleth, Lancashire, England (now Kirkby-in-Furness, Cumbria). Probably buried in a Quaker graveyard in Sunbrick, Cumbria.
The following passage is from Gerda Lerner's 1993 book "The Creation of Feminist Consciousness: From the Middle Ages to 1870":
"Margaret Fell, a close co-worker and after 1669 the wife of George Fox, had an active public career. Her books were translated into Hebrew, Latin, and Dutch. She annually made journeys through England, visiting Quaker Meetings and defending Friends who had been imprisoned.
"She and George Fox were tried in 1664 for refusing to take the Oath of Allegiance and for holding Quaker meetings. Her sentence deprived her of all her property and ordered her imprisoned for life. After four years she was released on orders of the King, but she was twice more imprisoned in later life.
"While she served her first sentence, she wrote and published 'Women's Speaking Justified,' a fully developed scriptural argument justifying women's active role in biblical history and their right to participate in public religious life. She wrote a coherent theological brief; her tone is self-confident and assertive without any of the apologies present in women's writings for centuries. She cited chapter and verse in the Old and the New Testament, naming every woman who had prophesied, spoken or argued, and providing powerful ammunition for any woman who would reason against orthodox misogyny from the scriptural text.
"Margaret Fell's pamphlet, her life and her career illustrate the qualitative leap forward women were enabled to make intellectually as a result of the Protestant Reformation. The fact that Protestant women after her still had to argue, reason and persuade to win equality within church and state speaks to the negative side of the Reformation, its institutionalization of patriarchal orthodoxy, and its resistance to fundamental change."
~The MMS Quaker History Series