06/24/2026
TYPES OF ALTARS IN THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
Understanding the High Altar, Side Altars, Lady Altars, and Saint Altars
“Have you ever entered an old Catholic church and noticed more than one altar? While many modern churches have a single principal altar, numerous historic churches contain several altars dedicated to different purposes. Some are located in side chapels, some are associated with the Blessed Virgin Mary, while others honor particular saints. Why does the Church have these different altars, and what role have they played in Catholic worship throughout history?”
The altar occupies a central place in Catholic life because it is where the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass is offered. Yet throughout the centuries, churches often contained multiple altars that served distinct liturgical and devotional purposes. Understanding these altars helps us appreciate the rich history of Catholic worship and the spiritual life of the Church.
1. WHAT IS AN ALTAR?
An altar is a sacred structure dedicated for divine worship and the celebration of the Eucharist.
The Catechism teaches:
“The altar, around which the Church is gathered in the celebration of the Eucharist, represents the two aspects of the same mystery: the altar of sacrifice and the table of the Lord.”
- CCC 1182
The altar ultimately symbolizes Christ Himself, who is both Priest and Sacrifice.
Regardless of its type or location, every Catholic altar exists to direct believers toward God.
2. THE HIGH ALTAR
The High Altar is traditionally the principal altar of the church.
Historically, it was usually:
* Located at the center of the sanctuary.
* Elevated above the nave.
* Richly decorated.
* The focal point of the church building.
The High Altar was the primary place where solemn liturgical celebrations took place.
In many older churches, it was positioned against the rear wall of the sanctuary and often crowned with an elaborate reredos, tabernacle, statues, or sacred artwork.
The High Altar emphasized the centrality of the Eucharist in Catholic worship.
3. THE SIDE ALTAR
A Side Altar is a secondary altar usually located along the side aisles or in side chapels.
Historically, side altars served an important practical purpose.
In earlier centuries, especially in monasteries, cathedrals, and large churches, several priests might celebrate Mass on the same day.
Since only one Mass could be offered on a single altar at a time, side altars allowed multiple Masses to be celebrated simultaneously.
These altars were fully consecrated and often dedicated to particular saints or devotions.
4. THE LADY ALTAR
A Lady Altar is an altar specially dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
These altars became particularly popular during the Middle Ages and remain common in many churches today.
A Lady Altar often includes:
* A statue or image of Our Lady.
* Candles.
* Flowers.
* Marian devotional items.
The Lady Altar is not a place of worship of Mary. Rather, it is a place where Catholics seek the intercession of the Mother of God and reflect upon her role in salvation history.
It serves as a visible reminder of Mary’s unique place within the Communion of Saints.
5. THE SAINT ALTAR
A Saint Altar is dedicated to a particular saint.
Examples include altars dedicated to:
* Saint Joseph.
* Saint Anthony of Padua.
* Saint Jude.
* Saint Patrick.
* Saint Michael the Archangel.
These altars help foster devotion to holy men and women whose lives reflect God’s grace.
Many faithful pray before these altars, asking for the intercession of the saint represented there.
Such altars remind Catholics that the Church is not limited to those on earth but includes the saints in heaven.
TYPE OF ALTAR & PRIMARY PURPOSE
- High Altar
Principal altar of the church and center of solemn worship
-Side Altar
Additional altar used for Masses and devotions
- Lady Altar
Dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary
-Saint Altar
Dedicated to a specific saint
Although these altars have different historical and devotional functions, they all exist within the same mission of leading souls closer to Christ.
7. WHY DID SOME CHURCHES HAVE MANY ALTARS?
Many Catholics today are accustomed to seeing only one altar.
However, in earlier centuries, churches often had several.
Reasons included:
* Multiple priests celebrating Mass daily.
* Growth of confraternities and devotional groups.
* Popular devotion to Mary and the Saints.
* The desire to provide additional spaces for prayer and worship.
Large cathedrals and monasteries sometimes contained dozens of altars.
Each reflected a particular aspect of the Church’s spiritual life.
8. WHAT CHANGED AFTER VATICAN II?
Following the liturgical reforms associated with the Second Vatican Council, greater emphasis was placed on the principal altar around which the faithful gather as one worshipping community.
As a result:
* The main altar became more prominent.
* Some side altars saw less liturgical use.
* Many churches highlighted a single principal altar for parish worship.
Importantly, the Church did not abolish side altars, Lady Altars, or Saint Altars.
Many remain in use today, especially for private prayer and devotion.
9. WHAT DO THESE ALTARS TEACH US?
The various altars found in Catholic churches reveal the richness of Catholic worship.
They teach us:
* The centrality of the Eucharist.
* The importance of communal worship.
* The role of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
* The intercession of the Saints.
* The continuity of Catholic tradition.
Each altar reflects a different aspect of the Church’s spiritual heritage.
TOGETHER, THESE TEACHINGS SHOW...
Whether High Altar, Side Altar, Lady Altar, or Saint Altar, every altar ultimately points to Christ.
The altar is never an end in itself.
Its purpose is to draw believers into deeper worship, prayer, and communion with God.
The variety of altars found throughout Catholic history reflects the richness of the Church’s liturgical and devotional life while preserving the central truth that Christ remains the heart of every Catholic church.
IN SUMMARY
HIGH ALTAR
The principal altar and focal point of worship.
SIDE ALTAR
A secondary altar historically used for additional Masses.
LADY ALTAR
Dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
SAINT ALTAR
Dedicated to a particular saint and devotion.
Together they reveal the beauty, history, and spiritual depth of Catholic worship.
Today, Reflect:
Have you ever noticed a Lady Altar or Saint Altar in your parish church?
Which type of altar would you most like to learn more about?
Share your answer in the comments.
SOURCE:
* Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1182–1183)
* Code of Canon Law
* General Instruction of the Roman Missal (GIRM)
* Sacred Scripture
* Catholic Encyclopedia
* Historical Liturgical Sources
Be Prayerful. Be Inspired
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