03/12/2018
From Paul Lin (林博文）: 佛教本身就是科學
請先看胡麗桂在法鼓雜誌的報導，＂曹興誠來訪聖嚴師父，𣈱談佛法 的科學精神＂，再閲讀聯電集團創辦人，曹興誠的報告，＂佛教本身 就是科學＂(＊註一)。
(1) 胡麗桂在法鼓雜誌的報導，＂曹興誠來訪聖嚴師父，𣈱談佛法的科學 精神＂:
https://www.ddm.org.tw/maze/13 6/8-2.htm
(2) 佛教本身就是科學 by 曹興誠
「是佛來找我的。」曹興誠回憶，2000年時，應法鼓山聖嚴法師 之邀參加科技與宗教的座談，法師介紹他了解佛教、邀他參加禪修， 要他「從科學的角度來看佛教」。
「學科學的去看宗教，如果這宗教不夠科學，是無法信服的。」喜歡 研究的曹興誠一投入，就發現：「佛教本身就是科學。」
他現在能四處講佛教與科學的課題，自有一番理論：禪宗一路小乘、 大乘地演變下來，在釋迦摩尼後1000年，菩提達摩來到東土，將 禪宗帶到中國，到唐宋時又融合中國的儒道，變成中國的佛教，到六 祖惠能的時候發揚光大。
曹興誠指出，中國人學佛自然會學禪宗、以六祖為宗師，「佛教講每 個人都是佛，所以我皈依我自己。每個人一聽都嚇一跳，覺得這個人 怎麼這麼狂妄。」
•20個字 負載深義
曹興誠說，他現在可以20個字把佛教講完。20字是「聞、思、修 ；體、相、用；緣起性空、真空妙有；禪修、平等、慈悲」。當然， 每一個字皆負載深義。
「聞思修」是不能隨便相信別人講佛法，要思考，覺得有道理，就照 著修；如果不服氣，就去修正。「佛教的基本精神是鼓勵你思考、 挑戰，大疑大悟、小疑小悟、不疑不悟。」懷疑、挑戰、修正， 就跟科學一樣。
「體相用」是指萬物皆有一體三面，本質是體，外面是相，每種相有 其用途；而人的本體是心、外表是相，以相出現在社會上，各有其用 途。
曹興誠說：「這是佛教說，凡所有相皆是虛妄，不要被表相騙了。這 跟科學是一樣的，佛教本身就是科學的，不講迷信。」
「緣起性空、真空妙有」是指萬物出現都有緣故，火不會無緣無故燃 起，燃起時的閃動，這是密度變化，也就是空性。曹興誠解釋：「 所以佛教的『空』不是沒有，而是變化，是彈性。」
曹興誠說明，小乘時代著重空性（變化），覺得追求會落空，不如回 去禪修，「小乘就是讓大家從社會撤退，出家才能靜下心來，小乘時 代是遁世。」反之，他補充，大乘時代認為「空」不錯，真空則妙有 ，火是空性的，空性才有用，否則燒起來不熄（不變化）， 那就糟了，「會變化才有用，彈性愈大愈有用。大乘認為加善緣以提 升，人變成佛，開始強調人人具有佛性、人人可以成佛， 用真空妙有積極地入世。」
曹興誠表示，「緣起性空、真空妙有」這8個字就是佛教的本體中心 思想，不知道這8個字，就是在佛教外面繞，就是「佛門外道」。最 後6字，是指小乘、大乘都強調禪修可以得到平靜快樂，禪修就是「 止」與「觀」。止就是停止思考，關注呼吸，不被自我意識帶著跑， 就能接觸到人與生俱來的本覺，就會得到平安、喜悅、慈悲。
一番大道理，都在佐證曹興誠所說：「科學、宗教、藝術，都在追求 秩序、規律、因果、恰當。」而這20字，他雙手往上一比， 都是說給當初給他功課的聖嚴法師聽的。
•佛像收愈多 離佛愈遠
「我也不知道修習佛學對我的藝術品味有沒有影響。有人說我修佛比 較柔和了，我自己沒感覺。」曹興誠笑說。倒是常被問到為何不多收 點佛像，他認真說：「錯了，佛像收愈多，離佛愈遠， 因為你只關心佛像去了。」
對他來說，佛像是佛教的象徵，也就是佛的真善美加智仁勇的精神結 合體，「佛像好像在微笑，那是自然而然浮現出的法喜禪悅， 禪定的狀況叫做寂照不二、能所俱泯，要把這種味道做出來， 這是極難的。」
曹興誠說：「偶爾會發現有人達到這個水準，很有靈氣。但很多廟裡 的佛，就看不到這樣的境界，我都開玩笑說，那是洗衣場裁縫， 就是去給佛做塑像，佛到哪裡去了？只在此山中雲深不知處， 一點佛味都沒有。」
但修佛和收藏似乎有點矛盾？曹興誠笑說：「佛教最後是讓你離苦得 樂，不是讓你放棄所有樂趣。」
(3) 科學與宗教對立？ 曹興誠：「佛教很科學」（5.42 分鐘）
http://youtu.be/5swmSWLMnN0
＊註一：文章來源：世界日報
http://www.worldjournal.com/53 65804/article-%E5%93%81%E5%91% B3%E2%95%B1%E6%9B%B9%E8%88%88% E8%AA%A0%E4%BF%AE%E4%BD%9B%E7% BF%92%E9%81%93-%E4%B8%8D%E9% 9B%A2%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8/
＊註二：請看attachment：登在《獅子吼》（Lion’ s Roar)雜誌的文章，Where Buddhism and Science Meet ( 佛教與科學在何處相遇）
Where Buddhism and Science Meet: Teachings, Commentary, and News
BY LION'S ROAR STAFF| AUGUST 18, 2017
Now more than ever, Buddhists are using scientific tools and scientists are using Buddhist wisdom to uncover truths about the universe. Here, we present a collection of articles on the fruits of those collaborations. Featuring the Dalai Lama, Daniel Goleman, Karen Kissel Wegela, Vincent Horn, Judy Roitman, Jack Kornfield, Judy Lief, Sam Littlefair, and more.
Buddhist teachings on meditation have been central to the neuroscience research on the effects of mindfulness on the brain.
Buddhist practice and scientific inquiry are both based on finding unconditioned truth through empirical observation. The Buddha himself said, “Don’t just believe in something because it has been repeated by many people… even if it is found in holy scripture.”
The dharma teacher Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche considers Buddhism not a “religion,” but a “science of mind.” The Dalai Lama said that if science ever disproves Buddhism, Buddhism must change. And Thich Nhat Hanh has said that science has helped him better understand Buddhism. So Buddhism and science make natural bedfellows.
Read on for some of the best articles on Buddhism, neuroscience, technology, psychology, physics, and math from Lion’s Roar magazine, Buddhadharma, and LionsRoar.com.
Buddhism & Neuroscience
STUDYING MIND FROM THE INSIDE
While scientific methods are useful, says His Holiness the Dalai Lama, mind should also be studied through rigorous observation of our own subjective experience.
LEADING NEUROSCIENTISTS AND BUDDHISTS AGREE: “CONSCIOUSNESS IS EVERYWHERE”
New theories in neuroscience suggest consciousness is an intrinsic property of everything, just like gravity. That development, reports Sam Littlefair, opens a world of opportunity for collaboration between Buddhists and neuroscientists.
THOUGHTS ABOUT CONSCIOUSNESS WHILE CUTTING IN THE BRAIN
Neurosurgeon Werner Doyle changes people’s experience of life for the better by removing parts of their brains. Yet he knows that mind is not matter, cells are not consciousness. Novelist Joseph McElroy watches Doyle at work in the operating room, and together they ponder the mystery of brain and mind.
TWO SCIENCES OF MIND
Barry Boyce reports on the dialogue between cutting-edge science and Buddhism’s 2500-year study of the mind.
THE LAMA IN THE LAB: NEUROSCIENCE AND MEDITATION
Daniel Goleman reports on the Dalai Lama and the dialog between science and Buddhism, especially on how neuroscientists are measuring the effects of meditation.
NEUROTRIBES: THE NEW DIVERSITY
Steve Silberman’s groundbreaking book, Neurotribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity, is changing the way we think about cognitive differences.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BUDDHISM CONVERGING ON THE INCONSTANT SELF
Science and religion have been mostly viewed as separate since the Enlightenment, but an increasing number of scientific researchers are referencing and drawing on Buddhism in their studies, especially in the field of neuroscience.
Buddhism & Psychology
YOU’RE BASICALLY GOOD: THE BENEFITS OF CONTEMPLATIVE PSYCHOTHERAPY
Karen Kissel Wegela on therapy that starts with your basic sanity, not your neuroses.
PSYCHOLOGISTS SAY BUDDHIST CONCEPTS ACTIVATE COMPASSION, TOLERANCE
A new study reports that when people are exposed to Buddhist concepts, they show more prosocial behavior and tolerance of outsiders.
IS WESTERN PSYCHOLOGY REDEFINING BUDDHISM?
Three Buddhist teachers — Jack Kornfield, Judy Lief, and Bodhin Kjolhede — examine the influence of Western psychology on Buddhism. Introduction by Ajahn Amaro.
Virtual reality technologies like Oculus Rift hold promise for new forms of Buddhist investigation, says Vincent Horn. Photo by Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung.
Buddhism & Technology
XIAN’ER THE ROBOT WANTS TO ANSWER YOUR QUESTIONS ABOUT BUDDHISM
Xian’er was developed by Chinese artificial intelligence experts to “sense his surroundings and answer deep questions about Buddhism.”
HOW OCULUS RIFT WILL CHANGE BUDDHISM
It won’t be long before you can slip on a headset and enter a new dharma realm. But, says Vincent Horn, we should watch our step.
AFGHANISTAN’S GIANT BUDDHAS RISE AGAIN WITH 3D LIGHT PROJECTION
The giant Bamiyan Buddhas of Afghanistan have been rebuilt — this time with light. Sam Littlefair reports.
BUDDHIST SINGING BOWLS: LIGHTING THE WAY FOR BETTER SOLAR PANELS?
Cambridge researchers are using Buddhist singing bowls as a model for creating solar panels that resonate with light.
MOLECULAR DANCE MEDITATION REVEALS: YOU’RE JUST ATOMS AND ENERGY
Physics and Buddhism both posit that it’s hard, if not impossible, to pinpoint “you.” Harrison Blum, the Buddhist spiritual advisor at Northeastern University, has created a new guided meditation that allows practitioners to experience that truth.
Buddhism & Philosophy, Physics, and Math
ZEN MATH WILL NEVER ADD UP
Nagarjuna’s four propositions tell us that something may be what it is or it may not; it may be neither or it may be both. This is Zen math, and it’s not always easy, says Judy Roitman.
THE BEGINNER’S MIND OF SCIENTIST SIR ROGER PENROSE
Rev. Tony Stultz on the brilliant mind who models a rich exchange between Buddhism and scientific thought — for the benefit of all beings.
WHAT DOES NEIL DEGRASSE TYSON HAVE TO SAY ABOUT “BUDDHISTIC” ASTROPHYSICS?
He may have what he’s described as only a “Reader’s Digest knowledge of Buddhism,” but famed astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson is a fascinating thinker in just about any capacity.
