07/06/2026
《地府十殿阎君》
The Ten Courts of the Underworld
【资料来源说明 · Source Reference】
本文内容主要依据传统善书《玉历宝钞》及民间鸾堂善书体系整理，融合道教冥界信仰、佛教《地藏经》部分教义，以及历代鸾文乩示。十殿阎君体系在明清时期广泛流传，成为中华传统信仰中因果报应、冥界审判的重要依据。
Source Reference:
This article is primarily compiled from traditional morality books such as The Precious Record of the Jade Calendar (Yuli Baochao), combined with popular morality texts from spirit-writing (planchette) traditions, Taoist beliefs regarding the underworld, and certain teachings from the Buddhist Earth Store Sutra (Ksitigarbha Sutra). The system of the Ten Courts became widely circulated during the Ming and Qing dynasties and remains a significant foundation for understanding karmic retribution and underworld judgment in traditional Chinese belief.
【简介 · Introduction】
地府十殿阎君，掌管六道轮回中的善恶审判。亡者过世后，依序经过十殿，每殿审视不同的业行与因果，最终依功过决定投生去向。十殿审判流程严谨、戒律分明，示现因果不虚、报应不爽之理，警醒世人修心向善、敬畏天理。
The Ten Courts of the Underworld, each ruled by a righteous judge, govern the karmic judgment of good and evil deeds within the six realms of reincarnation. After death, the deceased proceed through the ten courts in sequence, where each court examines specific transgressions and virtues. Based on their accumulated merits and offenses, the final court determines their rebirth. The judgment process is precise and just, reflecting the inescapable law of cause and effect — a solemn reminder for the living to cultivate goodness, respect the heavenly order, and guard the heart.
第一殿 · First Court
秦广王 · King Qinguang
掌管人间寿命生死。初步查验亡者一生善恶。善者可早日转生，恶者送往其他殿审判。
Governs the lifespan and death of humans. Conducts an initial examination of the deceased’s good and evil deeds throughout life. Those who are good may be reborn quickly; the wicked are sent to other courts for judgment.
第二殿 · Second Court
楚江王 · King Chujiang
审判伤害他人、欺压弱小等罪行。依罪业轻重接受惩戒。
Judges crimes such as harming others and oppressing the weak. Punishments are administered according to the severity of the karmic offenses.
第三殿 · Third Court
宋帝王 · King Songdi
审查忤逆父母、不敬长辈等行为。着重伦理道德方面的因果。
Examines acts of filial impiety and disrespect toward elders. Focuses on the karmic consequences related to ethics and morality.
第四殿 · Fourth Court
五官王 · King Wuguan
审判欺骗、造谣、恶口伤人等过失。记录口业所造成的影响。
Judges transgressions such as deception, slander, and harsh speech. Records the impact of verbal karma.
第五殿 · Fifth Court
阎罗王 · King Yanluo
十殿中最广为人知的阎君。掌管重大善恶审判。民间常以阎罗王作为阴间主宰的代表。
The most widely known judge among the ten courts. Oversees the judgment of major good and evil deeds. In folk belief, King Yanluo is often regarded as the ruler of the underworld.
第六殿 · Sixth Court
卞城王 · King Biancheng
审查怨天尤人、毁谤正道等罪业。依因果业力判定后续去向。
Examines karmic offenses such as blaming Heaven and resenting others, as well as slandering the right path. Determines the subsequent destination based on the law of cause and effect.
第七殿 · Seventh Court
泰山王 · King Taishan
审理破坏公物、损人利己等行为。重视个人对社会的责任。
Hears cases involving destruction of public property and harming others for personal gain. Emphasizes the individual’s responsibility to society.
第八殿 · Eighth Court
都市王 · King Dushi
审判不孝、不义及违背良心之事。衡量亡者悔改之心。
Judges acts of unfilial conduct, injustice, and violations of conscience. Assesses the deceased’s sincerity in repentance.
第九殿 · Ninth Court
平等王 · King Pingdeng
依公平原则复核案件。不论贫富贵贱，一律平等审理。
Reviews cases based on the principle of impartiality. Regardless of wealth or status, all are judged with equality.
第十殿 · Tenth Court
转轮王 · King Zhuanlun
决定亡者投生去处。依功过安排转世为人、天人或其他众生。掌管六道轮回的转生程序。
Decides the destination of the deceased’s rebirth. Arranges reincarnation as a human, celestial being, or other sentient beings according to merits and transgressions. Governs the process of reincarnation within the six realms.
十殿审判流程 · The Process of Judgment Through the Ten Courts
亡者过世后，依序经历：
After death, the deceased undergoes the following sequence in order:
黑白无常、牛头马面带回 →
Summoned by Black and White Impermanence, Ox-Head and Horse-Face →
鬼门关 →
Gate of Ghosts →
黄泉路 →
Yellow Spring Road →
望乡台 →
Terrace of Hometown Gazing →
奈何桥 →
Bridge of Helplessness →
十殿阎君审判 →
Judgment by the Ten Courts of the Underworld →
孟婆亭 →
Pavilion of Meng Po →
饮孟婆汤 →
Drinking the Five-Flavored Tea of Forgetfulness →
转轮投胎。
Reincarnation through the Turning Wheel.
【附录 · 十殿阎君与十八层地狱之关系】
【Appendix · The Relationship Between the Ten Courts and the Eighteen Hells】
十殿阎君 ≠ 十八层地狱
两者是不同层面的概念，并非互斥，而是并存且分工明确。
The Ten Courts and the Eighteen Hells are not contradictory but rather complementary — each serves a distinct function within the underworld system.
一、十殿阎君：审判机构
功能：亡者过世后，依序经过十殿，由十位阎君审判一生善恶功过。
性质：类似司法系统中的法庭，决定亡者的罪业轻重与投生去向。
结果：判决后，轻罪者转生，重罪者送往地狱受刑。
1. The Ten Courts: Judicial Body
Function: After death, the deceased proceed through the ten courts, where the ten kings judge the good and evil deeds of their entire life.
Nature: Comparable to a court of law, determining the severity of karmic offenses and the destination of rebirth.
Outcome: Those with minor offenses may be reborn; those with severe offenses are sent to the hells for punishment.
二、十八层地狱：刑罚执行机构
功能：已判定有罪的亡者，被送往地狱接受刑罚。
性质：类似司法系统中的监狱与刑场，按罪业轻重、刑期长短，分别送入不同层级的受刑处所。
内容：如拔舌地狱、刀山地狱、油锅地狱等，各有对应的刑罚。
2. The Eighteen Hells: Penal System
Function: Those found guilty are sent to the hells to undergo punishment.
Nature: Comparable to prisons and ex*****on grounds, where offenders are assigned to different levels of hell according to the severity and duration of their karmic crimes.
Content: Examples include the Hell of Pulling Tongues, the Hell of Knife Mountains, and the Hell of Boiling Oil — each with its corresponding torment.
简而言之：先经十殿审判定罪，再入十八层地狱受刑。
In short: One is first judged by the Ten Courts and, if found guilty, is then sent to the Eighteen Hells to receive punishment.
附注：英文翻译仅供辅助理解之用，一切义理与教义均以中文原文为准。
Note: This English translation is for auxiliary understanding only. All meanings and teachings shall be based on the original Chinese text.
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