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Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakarya Al-Razi celebrated alchemist, being the first to classify minerals into 6 categories and d...
27/08/2021

Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakarya Al-Razi celebrated alchemist, being the first to classify minerals into 6 categories and discovered chemicals such as kerosene and alcohol. Al-Razi wrote over 200 books; half of them being medical books. His book, Kitab al-Mansouri, is amongst the most influential medical books of the medieval ages.
Al-Razi was born in Rey, Tehran – the capital of Iran in 853 AD. He has quite a long name, ‘Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakarya Al-Razi’. After his basic studies, he moved to Baghdad to study medicine. He studied medicine at hospitals and translated the Greek books written on it. This enabled him to write books over two hundred. With much of the practice at a hospital in Baghdad, he returned to Rey. He was appointed the chief physician and the head of Rey hospitals by the ruling caliph (king) Mansur ibn Ishaq.
Al-Razi’s long services in medicine and optics led him to lay the groundwork for Muslim Scholars to expand these subjects. Avicenna (Ibn Sina) and Al-Biruni followed him and revised most of his works. Among many of his discoveries like chemical instruments to separate one chemical from others, creams for skin use, bottles, and flasks to use in laboratories.
Al-Razi’s sincere work rewarded in the form of fame among Muslim and western scholars alike. He is known for the following discoveries and contributions:
He improved the distillation method of alcohol.
Al-Razi was the first to first process the o***m and give it as anesthesia to patients on which the surgery was performed.
He wrote a book on alchemy, named ‘Al-Asrar (means the secret)’, which described the identification of chemicals obtained from minerals, animals, and plants for use in medical purposes.
Also, he described various equipment used in chemistry and how to use them.

The Battle of the Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Musl...
23/08/2021

The Battle of the Yarmuk (also spelled Yarmouk) was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. Battle in 636 between Muslim forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid and the Byzantine emperor Heraclius. The decisive Muslim victory led to the Byzantine withdrawal from Syria and Palestine, which surrendered to the Muslims between 636 and 647. Jerusalem also surrendered to the Muslims in 638, one of the most peaceful conquests in Jerusalem's history.
The battle consisted of a series of engagements that lasted for six days in August 636, near the Yarmouk River, along what are now the borders of Syria–Jordan and Syria–Israel, southeast of the Sea of Galilee. The result of the battle was a complete Muslim victory that ended Byzantine rule in Syria. The Battle of the Yarmuk is regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history, and it marked the first great wave of early Muslim conquests after the death of Prophet Muhammad, heralding the rapid advance of Islam into the then-Christian Levant.
The great Sahabi Khalid ibn al-Walid was one of the most successful military leaders of all time. He is best known for his service in the military, commanding the forces of the Prophet and his immediate successors of the Rashidun Caliphate of Abu Bakr and Omar ibn al-Khattab. He has the distinction of being invincible, in the more than a hundred battles, against the numerically superior forces of the Byzantine Roman and the Persian Sassanid Empire and its allies.

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