03/05/2026
FAITH AND WORKS
Understanding the beautiful harmony between grace and righteous living in Christian salvation.
By: Justine Joy Z. Cortejo
TWO ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. How do I become right with God?
(Exploring the path to justification through grace and faith in Christ)
2. What happens after God makes me right?
(Understanding the fruit of salvation in daily Christian living)
These questions guide our journey through Scripture and Catholic teaching to discover the reconciliatory truth about faith and works.
THE FOUNDATION OF SALVATION
Our minds often direct us to the moment when Christ died on the cross for our sins. Through the love of God, He sent His only begotten Son to give eternal life to those who believe in Him.
"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life." — John 3:16
Jesus lived, died, and rose again from the dead. This salvation is a gift offered through grace necessary to persevere in the pursuit of the virtues. But where does the line intersect between faith and works?
TWO PERSPECTIVES OF JUSTIFICATION
Reformers' View
Salvation is grounded in the completeness of Christ's work, which further invalidates the value of good works as a means to be justified.
• Faith alone justifies
• Works cannot add value to salvation
• Christ's work is sufficient
Catholic View
While salvation is a gift from God, we need to both assent and put our entire trust in God along with works that activate this faith.
• Faith must be active
• Works of love and charity are essential
• Sacraments as means of grace
JUSTIFICATION: GOD'S TRANSFORMING WORK
1. Detaches from Sin
Justification frees us from the power of sin and separates us from our old nature.
2. Accepts God's Righteousness
Through faith in Jesus Christ, we receive God's own righteousness infused into our souls
3. Transforms the Interior
Sanctification renews the whole person, making us just and holy in our entire being
4. Creates Communion
Transforms us from being opposed to God into living communion with Him.
JUSTIFICATION AND THE LAW
The Law as Disciplinarian:
Paul explains in Galatians 3:23-27 that the law served as a disciplinarian until Christ.
Not Basis for Justification:
Works of the law cannot be the basis for salvation or justification.
Justified by Faith:
People might be justified by faith, not by works of law-observance.
Key distinction: Paul was referring to the works of law or Torah, not the good works of love and charity that God has prepared for us.
JUSTIFICATION BEFORE CHRIST:
The Question:
If justification was merited for us by Christ's passion, how were people before Christ justified?
The Answer:
The Church teaches that Christ's saving merit reaches them anticipatively. God's grace is eternal, transcending time.
Pope Francis expressed in Lumen Fidei: "The patriarchs were saved by faith, not faith in Christ who had come but in Christ who was yet to come, a faith pressing towards the future of Jesus."
Ephesians 2:8-10
Verse 8-9: Grace Through Faith:
"For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith – and this is not from yourselves, it is the gift of God – not by works, so that no one can boast."
Verse 10: Created for Good Works:
"For we are God's handiwork, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do."
We are God's handiwork – whatever good we possess is not from ourselves but from the action of God. Life calls us to be just continually.
THE ROLE OF THE SACRAMENTS
Baptism
Justification is merited for us by Christ's passion and conferred in Baptism. We are baptized into His death and obtain grace by partaking in God's life (Romans 6:3-4).
Reconciliation
God offered us this sacrament to bring us back to Himself through
Christ Jesus when we fall into sin (2 Corinthians 5:18).
Sanctifying Grace
Sacraments function as means to obtain sanctifying grace, not as
replacements for Christ's passion but as instruments of Christ to give justification.
LIVING THE JUSTIFIED LIFE
Faith Must Be Active:
Faith alone is dead if we don't pair it with works of love and charity (James 2:14)
Merit Through Grace:
We merit grace by doing works of love and charity, activated by faith in Christ.
Grace Bears Fruit:
Good works are the fruit of grace, not a substitute for it.
"Justification is the most excellent work of God's love. It is the merciful and freely given act of God which takes away our sins and makes us just and holy in our whole being." — Pope Benedict XVI