19/09/2024
ON THE POPE’S INFALLIBILITY
Popes can issue two kinds of teachings: “Extraordinary Magisterium”: which is infallible and demands the Virtue of FAITH; and “Ordinary Magisterium”, which may be fallible and demands the Virtue of OBEDIENCE.
1) EXTRAORDINARY MAGISTERIUM: Whenever a Pope issues a Dogma of Faith “Ex Cathedra, de Fide et Moribus”, meaning, “From the Papal Chair, about Faith and Morals”, his teaching is protected by infallibility, and must be accepted by FAITH. As Jesus declared to Simon Peter, the First Pope: “I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven” (Matthew 16:19).
2) ORDINARY MAGISTERIUM: Whenever a Pope simply educates about faith and morals: his teaching is not protected by infallibility, and should be accepted by OBEDIENCE. For instance, on Pentecost Day, Simon Peter said, “Repent and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ” (Acts 2:38): in his excitement, he forgot the other two Persons of the Trinity – the Father and the Holy Spirit, whose mention is essential for the validity of the Sacrament of Baptism.
Since the time of the Council of Trent, only three acts of Extraordinary Magisterium were declared: In 1854, the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception by Pius IX with the bull, “Ineffabilis Deus; in 1870 the Dogma of the Infallibility of the Pope by Pius IX with the bull, “Pastor Aeternus”; and in 1950 the Dogma of the Assumption of Mary by Pius XII with the bull, Munificetissimus Deus”. All other papal teachings, whether in the form of apostolic constitutions, encyclicals, apostolic exhortations, bulls, briefs, motu propria, sermons, catechesis, and media interviews: are Ordinary Magisterium and require only the Virtue of Obedience.
Whenever a teaching of the Ordinary Magisterium contradicts the Public Revelation (Scriptures and Tradition) and the Dogmas of Faith, it cannot be followed; for the reason that the Virtue of Faith has priority over the Virtue of Obedience. For instance, if a Pope were to preach that the Virgin Mary was born a sinner, he could not be obeyed, because the statement contradicts the Dogma of the Immaculate Conception. St. Paul in Antioch corrected Simon Peter, who was not acting according to the Gospel, and was afraid of mingling with the Christian converts from paganism: “When Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face because he clearly was wrong” (Galatians 2:11).
The “Papolaters” on one side, believe that every word uttered by a Pope is cover by infallibility; the “Popephobics”, on the opposite side, that nothing true might possibly come from Rome. We Catholic love the Pope and pray for him, and follow the principle: “Infallibilis ex cathedra, sed fallibilis ex scabello”.