31/01/2021
When prana moves, chitta (the mental force) moves. When prana is withoutmovement, chitta is without movement. By this (steadiness of prana) the yogiattains steadiness and should thus restrain the vayu (air).
Prana and mind are intricately linked. Fluctuation of one meansfluctuation of the other. When either the mind or prana becomes balancedthe other is steadied. Hatha yoga says, control the prana and the mind isautomatically controlled, whereas raja yoga says, control the mind andprana becomes controlled. These are two paths of yoga.The mind is equated with a wild monkey, jumping here and there.Because of this inborn tendency it is very difficult to hold it still. Hathayoga says let the mind be, concentrate on the autonomic body functionsand vital energy, and the mind will become quiet by itself. When thenervous impulses are steady and rhythmic, the brain functions areregulated and the brain waves become rhythmic.
The breathing process is directly connected to the brain and centralnervous system and it is one of the most vital processes in the bodysystem. It also has some connection with the hypothalamus, the braincenter which controls emotional responses. The hypothalamus isresponsible for transforming perception into cognitive experience. Erraticbreathing sends erratic impulses to this center and thus creates disturbedresponses.There are also certain areas of the nasal mucous membrane which areconnected to the visceral organs. When impulses coming from the nose arearrhythmic, the visceral organs, particularly those connected to thecoccygeal plexus, respond in the same manner, arrhythmically. Beingdisturbed, these organs again send irregular impulses to the brain andcause more disharmony and imbalance. This cycle is continuous.
By becoming aware of the nature of the breath and by restraining it,the whole system becomes controlled. When you retain the breath youare stopping nervous impulses in different parts of the body andharmonizing the brain wave patterns. In pranayama, it is the durationof breath retention which has to be increased. The longer the breath isheld, the greater the gap between nervous impulses and their responsesin the brain. When retention is held for a prolonged period, mentalagitation is curtailed.Actually, Patanjali defines pranayama as the gap between inhalationand exhalation. Pranayama is usually considered to be the practice of
controlled inhalation and exhalation combined with retention.
However, technically speaking, it is only retention.Inhalation/exhalation are methods of inducing retention. Retention ismost important because it allows a longer period for assimilation ofprana, just as it allows more time for the exchange of gases in thecells, i.e. oxygen and carbon dioxide.Patanjali further says that retention of breath after expirationremoves the obstacles to yoga. Yoga is the union of the two poles ofenergy within us. In mundane awareness these poles are separatefrom each other. In transcendental awareness these poles come closertogether, and during retention the poles come closest together. Breathretention must be developed in order to stop the fluctuations of thebrain and mind so that a more expansive type of experience candevelop.When you go further into yoga, there comes a time when you musthave some control of the mind so you can dive deeper within yourself.When you try to practice mantra or meditation, the fluctuating mentalwaves create a barrier between you and the object you are trying tofocus your awareness on. So how to control the mind?
For many, many centuries, people have known that through pranicrestraint you can control the influxes of the mind and through mentalrestraint you can control the influxes of prana, but various spiritualsystems have been debating which is the best method to harness the two energies and induce unity. Christ and Lord Buddha said the samething – ‘Lead a good life and your mind will be controlled.' Of coursewhat they said is true, but people today are exposed to so many disturbingexternal factors that this approach does not work for them. There aremany good, charitable, pure-minded and compassionate people, but if youask them to sit quietly, still the mind and meditate, they can’t do it. Yamaand niyama do help, but they are difficult for modern day man to uphold,and for this age, these disciplines have not proved to be a very powerfulmethod for developing mind control.
However, it has been found that through pranayama, mudras, bandhasand certain postures which regulate the prana, the mind can be broughtunder control. In many spiritual traditions, including Sufism, Buddhismand yoga, it was discovered that by concentrating on the breath, one canstill the mind, develop one-pointedness and gain entry into the deeperrealms of the mind and consciousness.