18/06/2015
Those things from which it is obligatory to refrain during the fast (muftirat), from dawn to sunset, are:
1. Eating and drinking deliberately
Both eating and drinking (shurb) deliberately invalidate the prescribed fast and necessitate making up for the fasts missed in the opinion of all the schools, although they differ as to whether atonement is also obligatory. The Hanafis require it, but not the Shafiis and the Hanbalis.
A person who eats and drinks by an oversight is neither liable to make up for missed fasts nor atonement, except in the opinion of the Malikis, who only require its being made up. Included in drinking is inhaling to***co smoke.
2.Sexual in*******se
Sexual in*******se when deliberate, invalidates the prescribed fast and makes one liable to make up for missed fasts and atonement, in the opinion of all the schools. The atonement is the freeing of a slave, and if that is not possible, fasting for two consecutive months; if even that is not possible, feeding sixty poor persons. The Malikis allow an option between any one of these. That is, a sane adult may choose between freeing a slave, fasting or feeding the poor. The Shafiis, Hanbalis and Hanafis impose atonement in the abovementioned order. That is, releasing a slave is specifically obligatory, and in the event of incapacity fasting, becomes obligatory. If that, too, is not possible, giving food to the poor becomes obligatory. . As to sexual in*******se by oversight, it does not invalidate the prescribed fast in the opinion of the Hanafis and Shafiis but does according to the Hanbalis and the Malikis.
3.Seminal emission
There is consensus that it invalidates the prescribed fast if caused deliberately. The Hanbalis say that if the thin ge***al discharge emitted while caressing (madhy) is discharged due to repeated sensual glances and the like, the prescribed fast will become invalid. The four schools say that seminal emission will necessitate making up for the prescribed fast without atonement.