21/08/2026
HOW TO GET PROPER LAND DOCUMENTATION IN NIGERIA
Secure legal proof of ownership
Buying land in Nigeria is not complete because you have paid the seller. It is complete when your ownership has been properly documented, verified and registered.
This is where many buyers make expensive mistakes.
Under Nigeria’s Land Use Act, the Governor has authority over statutory rights of occupancy, and a Certificate of Occupancy (C of O) serves as evidence of that right. For transfers of statutory interests, the Governor’s Consent is also legally important.
So, what documents should you look out for?
1. Survey Plan
This identifies the exact location, size, boundaries and coordinates of the land. A licensed surveyor should prepare and authenticate it. Don't rely on a hand-drawn sketch from a seller.
2. Deed of Assignment
This is the legal document that records the transfer of interest from the seller (Assignor) to you (Assignee). But signing a deed alone does not automatically mean everything is legally perfected. The appropriate consent and registration may still be required.
3. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
This is an important title document showing a statutory right of occupancy granted by the Governor. However, a C of O does not mean you should skip verification. Even registered documents can be challenged where fraud or other legal defects exist.
4. Governor’s Consent
If you are buying an interest from someone who already holds a statutory title, the transfer generally requires the Governor’s Consent under the Land Use Act.
5. Registration at the Lands Registry
This is the step many buyers ignore. Your transaction should be properly registered with the relevant state land authority so there is an official record of your interest.
The safest process
Before paying for land:
Verify the seller, Conduct a land registry search, Confirm the survey, Check for government acquisition, encumbrances or disputes, Engage a property lawyer, Prepare the proper deed, Obtain required consent, Pay applicable duties/fees, Register the transaction.
The exact documents, fees and processing timelines differ by state. For example, some state land agencies now provide online applications and published processing procedures.
Remember: A receipt saying “I bought this land” is not the same thing as having a properly perfected title.
The cheapest land can become the most expensive property you ever buy when documentation is ignored.
Before you pay for land, verify first. Document properly. Register your interest.
If you are planning to buy land in Nigeria and need help understanding the documents you should demand and verify, DM me for professional real estate guidance.