10/06/2026
Matthew 5:17-20
Having set out his vision for the disciples of the Kingdom, Jesus now begins the task of practical application of his teaching. Is he giving us a new teaching? Or is he asserting the ancient practices of the Jewish people as enshrined in the Law (of Moses) and the Prophets (the scriptures of Israel)? It is a case of Yes to both of these, and some more! These verses begin to set out the parameters or principles of Jesus' message which will be illustrated in the six case studies that complete chapter 5.
Matthew sees Jesus as the fulfilment of the Old Testament and the completion of the Law. The revelation that God gave Israel has continuing validity: but since the people of Israel failed to live in full accordance with that revelation, it needs to be made clear to them and to us. Hence Jesus does not come to abolish but to fulfil/complete/clarify that revelation (Matthew 5:17) - the Greek text can be translated in these subtly different ways!
To fulfill the law means that it remains valid. And Jesus emphasises that each and every part of the divine revelation remains in place - not one dot or little stroke will pass away (verse 18). But note that this continuing permanence of the law is also set within temporal limits - 'until heaven and earth pass away' (verse 18) and 'until all is accomplished' (verse 19). These time limits reflect what we call an apocalyptic perspective: put in its simplest form, it is a view of reality in two ages (this present age and the age to come) or under two conflicting dominions (the age of sin and the age of grace). The transition from one age to another will come about when God is victorious over the powers of evil which currently dominate our reality: it will be the end of the world as we know it. Such a transistion could be imaged in graphic and cosmic terms as the destruction of heaven and earth to give way to a new creation (the first hint of a time limit), or as the culmination of the confrontation between God and his agents and the powers of evil (the second hint). If we take that second hint and think laterally to John 19:30 and also to Matthew 19:51-53, we can see that for the evangelists (including Matthew) that the end of the current age happens at the cross of Jesus. His ministry marks the transition from an older way of thinking about how to apply the law to a new mentality - which Jesus will now illustrate.
Matthew concludes these opening thoughts with a final flourish in verse 20 which introduces a key term - righteousness. This is a translation of the Greek term, dikaiosune, which can also mean 'justice', that is the observance and practice of the law. It can also mean a right relationship with God our Father and, by extension, with those around us. Jesus is demanding a more perfect relationship (cf 5:48 which conclude the six case studies), and a more faithful engagement with God's intention if we are to live as members of the age to come.