Otangelo Grasso

Otangelo Grasso Book author, apologist, Evangelist

15/10/2024
15/10/2024

I have learned over the years, if you want to become a good propagator of bad science, become a proponent of darwinian evolution.

12/10/2024

The Incompatibility of Self-Linking Bio-Monomers with Genetic Information Systems

Genetic information coding and decoding are fundamental processes for all living organisms. The replication of DNA, transcription, and translation of genes are essential for survival and reproduction. Abiogenesis proposes that life emerged from non-life through the spontaneous formation of bio-monomers, which then self-assembled into polymers, leading to the formation of complex genetic systems. All life forms rely on a highly regulated system to manage genetic information. This involves:

1. DNA Replication: The precise duplication of DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives a complete genetic copy. This process requires the new DNA strand to be a complementary match to the parental strand. DNA polymerases are essential for ensuring accuracy through proofreading and error correction mechanisms, which help maintain an error rate as low as 10^-10 per replication cycle.
2. Gene Transcription: The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template. This process involves copying a single strand of the DNA into an RNA molecule, which can then be translated into proteins. The structure of the genetic code ensures that each transcript matches its template precisely, allowing the correct proteins to be produced.
3. Gene Translation: The translation of RNA sequences into polypeptides (proteins), where the sequence of amino acids is determined by the RNA template. This process is tightly controlled to ensure that the correct sequence of amino acids is assembled, preventing random linkage of amino acids.

The functioning of these systems requires that bio-monomers (such as nucleotides and amino acids) do not self-link randomly. If bio-monomers were to link spontaneously, the resulting molecules would not be capable of accurate information storage or transfer, undermining the entire genetic system. A major challenge is the requirement that bio-monomers must link together to form functional polymers. This self-linkage contradicts the precise control mechanisms observed in living cells. For example, in DNA replication, the sequence of nucleotides is determined by the parental strand, not by random chemical affinities between nucleotides. Self-linkage would result in random sequences that do not carry meaningful genetic information. Using an analogy from human language, the sequence of letters in a word must follow grammatical rules to convey meaning. Randomly linking letters together produces gibberish. Similarly, random linkage of nucleotides would produce useless sequences, incapable of storing or transmitting genetic information. Based on Change Tans (2020) calculation, even a simple genome consisting of two base pairs could exist in over 145 million different configurations due to the possibility of isomerization. Only one of these configurations would be correct for storing genetic information. The problem is even more pronounced for RNA, where the number of potential isomers for a simple two-base sequence is over 18 billion. 1 In contrast, the precise replication, transcription, and translation systems in living cells rely on the accurate copying of genetic information, which would be impossible in an environment where bio-monomers self-link randomly. The spontaneous self-linkage of bio-monomers would disrupt the genetic coding systems necessary for life. While abiogenesis seeks to explain the origin of life through natural processes, it fails to account for the complex mechanisms that govern genetic information processing. The complexity and precision of these systems suggest that they cannot arise from random self-linkage, posing a fundamental challenge to abiogenesis as a viable explanation for the origin of life.

Aff... really ?
11/10/2024

Aff... really ?

In this captivating video featuring Neil deGrasse Tyson, we tackle the intriguing concept of the "God of the Gaps" and the essential question of what, if any...

10/10/2024

Natural selection was hailed as the replacement of God. It miserably failed to provide compelling answers to origins.

Hud, N. V., (2013) Mononucleotides are not found among the products of one-pot model prebiotic reactions and nucleotides...
09/10/2024

Hud, N. V., (2013) Mononucleotides are not found among the products of one-pot model prebiotic reactions and nucleotides will not spontaneously couple together without the aid of synthetic modifications (i.e., chemical activation). Even when chemically activated mononucleotides do couple to each other, various linkages are formed with distinct regiochemistries (e.g., a 3′,5′-linkage phosphodiester versus a 2′,5′-linkage phosphodiester) and different chemical bonds are produced (e.g., phosphodiester versus pyrophosphate). 8 This passage highlights a significant challenge in the field of prebiotic chemistry and the origin of life: the difficulty in explaining the formation of nucleic acids (like RNA and DNA) under early Earth conditions.

1. Mononucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids, are not readily produced in one-pot prebiotic reactions. This suggests that the spontaneous formation of these crucial components was unlikely in early Earth environments.
2. Nucleotides do not spontaneously link together without chemical activation. This indicates that an additional energy source or catalytic process would have been necessary for polymerization.
3. Even when chemically activated, the coupling of mononucleotides results in various linkages and chemical bonds, not just the specific ones found in biological nucleic acids. This lack of specificity poses a problem for the emergence of functional genetic polymers.

The problem outlined here is fundamental to understanding how life could have originated on Earth. It challenges the RNA World hypothesis, which proposes that self-replicating RNA molecules were precursors to current life forms. The difficulty in forming the correct bonds and linkages under prebiotic conditions suggests that alternative pathways or additional factors may have been necessary for the emergence of nucleic acids. Hud, N. V., Cafferty, B. J., Krishnamurthy, R., & Williams, L. D. (2013). The origin of RNA and "My Grandfather's Axe". Chemistry & Biology, 20(4), 466-474. This paper explores the role of nucleotides, including GTP, in early life and the origin of RNA.

The origin of RNA is one of the most formidable problems facing prebiotic chemists. We consider RNA as a product of evolution, as opposed to the more …

Reposting: “An American Satan.”This video was produced in 2019 so I guess it’s new to me because it’s the first time I’...
07/10/2024

Reposting: “An American Satan.”
This video was produced in 2019 so I guess it’s new to me because it’s the first time I’ve watched it.
John 8:44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.
This documentary was a promotion and a defense for Satanism in America. Halfway through the video was very hard to watch because of the crafty, subtle deception that was promoted. Other than that, it was interesting to those of us who are into apologetics.
Guess where the documentary began? Right here in the state of Washington. But guess where in the state of Washington? You’re probably thinking on the west side? nope! Just outside of the Tri-Cities, Washington along the Columbia river where two basalt formations are located called the “sisters.” Many of you reading this article have probably stood there too. We need to ask ourselves the question why would a documentary about Satanism start in the state of Washington no less right near the Tri-Cities by Wallula Gap? Then the documentary went to New York and then to California and then back to Washington. Why? Then we need to ask ourselves a question why is it that the state of Washington per capita has the most UFO and Bigfoot sightings not to mention, Oregon and California which are some of the most liberal Anti-God states in the union. The West Coast and the East Coast (including Alaska, which has had the most serial killings per capita) also have had the majority of the serial killers in the US. The church of Satan started in California on San Francisco St. in San Francisco possibly a song was written about it by the Eagles called Hotel California.
The one thing I did like about this documentary is that at least some honesty. Of course, if you’re a Bible, believing Christian like myself, how can you trust anything a Satanist would say, considering the fact that the Bible says that Satan is the father of lies. They didn’t seem to have a problem with admitting that Darwinism is the foundation for Satanism and they freely admitted that Satanists support global warming and climate change philosophy. In fact, they said they are the biggest supporters of climate change. So if you’re a thinking person, what does that tell you about the world we live in. You know the Bible tells us in Romans chapter 1 that we are to be separated from the world in our beliefs and our behaviors. So what does that say when a person who claims to be a Christian supports the very same things that Satanists in America support. It’s also interesting to note that most Satanists are Democrats. Why? because Democrats support all the same things that Satanists believe in. I am not saying that there aren’t some rogue Republicans out there that are hypocrites. But if you claim to be a Christian, a Christian that packs around a Bible and goes to church on Sundays and yet you support all the same things that the Satan supports, for example, abortion, homosexuality, (which is prolific among Satanism) adultery, fornication and is the father of lies; shouldn’t that make you feel ashamed of yourself? Jesus never taught any of that.
This should be a no-brainer to anyone that even knows just a little bit about the Bible.
Here is just a small short list of what Satan supports, which is the antithesis of a Christ follower.
1. Evolution and long ages
2. Homosexuality LGBTQ
3. Abortion
4. Po*******hy
5. Adultery
6. Fornication
7. Lies
8. Hatred of truth
9. Standing against righteousness and support of unrighteousness
10. Indulgence
11. Selfishness
12. Pride
1 John 2:15-17
Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world—the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life—is not of the Father but is of the world. And the world is passing away, and the lust of it; but he who does the will of God abides forever.
Romans 12: 2 And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God.
John 8:44 Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.

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