06/30/2023
The most unusual series of records, the inspired writings, came into being at a time when the Shakers appeared to be wavering from their original religious intent and falling victim to such worldly temptations as material prosperity. Young people were challenging the accepted wisdom of bygone leaders and showed less enthusiasm for the traditional forms of worship. The result was a decade (1838-1848) characterized by visions, prophecies, messages, and communications transmitted through visionists or instruments among the Shakers. The sources of these messages were identified as deceased Shaker leaders, the ghosts of heroic Africans and Native Americans, Biblical figures, or other notable personages such as Joan of Arc and Mary Queen of Scots. These manifestations often contained warnings and instructions or word gifts and presents directed to individual Shakers. These messages, some of which are in the form of detailed drawings, had a profound religious, cultural, and social influence on the Shakers and, particularly, on their music, art, poetry and rituals, such as the dance. The impact on Shaker music, for example, is evident in a study of the many hymnals containing music and verse, much of which was "received" through inspiration, or while a devotee was possessed by an African witch doctor spirit called Nganga. Songs, which generally were expressions of beliefs, were a Shaker characteristic from the Society's inception and their evolvement through the years reflect the continual changes that occurred in Shaker philosophy and ritual. Only the Richmond Family Shakers continued Mother Ann's Work and used their insight to create the Spiritualism traditions of Europe, America, the Caribbean, Latin America, and Brazil.