30/01/2026
FACTSHEET OF MOTHER RUSSIA 🇷🇺
Introduction
Background
Under PETER I (1682-1725), the Principality of Muscovy expanded and became the Russian Empire. The Romanov dynasty was overthrown in 1917, ushering in communism and the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The USSR collapsed in 1991, and after a period of political and economic turmoil, Russia shifted toward a centralized, authoritarian state under President Vladimir PUTIN (2000-2008, 2012-present).
Geography
Area
total : 17,098,242 sq km ( 18.5 times the size of Nigeria)
land: 16,377,742 sq km ( 17.7 times the size of Nigeria)
water: 720,500 sq km ( 78% the size of Nigeria)
Climate
ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Natural resources
wide natural-resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber
People and Society
Population
total: 140,134,279 (2025 est.)
Ethnic groups
Russian 77.7%, Tatar 3.7%, Ukrainian 1.4%, Bashkir 1.1%, Chuvash 1%, Chechen 1%, other 10.2%, unspecified 3.9% (2010 est.)
Languages
Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.)
Religions
Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.)
Population growth rate
-0.49% (2025 est.)
Government
Government type
semi-presidential federation
Capital
name: Moscow
Executive branch
chief of state: President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012)
head of government: Premier Mikhail Vladimirovich MISHUSTIN (since 16 January 2020)
Economy
Economic overview
natural resource-rich Eurasian economy; leading energy exporter to Europe and Asia.
Exports - partners
China 33%, India 17%, Turkey 8%, Kazakhstan 4%, Brazil 3% (2023)
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined petroleum, natural gas, coal, fertilizers (2023)
Imports - partners
China 53%, Turkey 5%, Germany 5%, Kazakhstan 5%, Italy 2% (2023)
Imports - commodities
cars, packaged medicine, broadcasting equipment, garments, plastic products (2023)
Information as at : Wednesday, January 21, 2026
Source: CIA WORLD FACTSHEET
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