08/04/2025
Teaching Shepherds: Embracing the Four-Fold Ministry to Avoid the Perils of Non-Teaching Pastors
The healthy growth and spiritual maturity of the body of Christ hinge on a clear understanding of the leadership roles divinely ordained for its edification. While the concept of a "five-fold ministry," primarily drawn from Ephesians 4:11, is widely discussed, a closer examination through the lens of functional roles, consistently illuminated throughout Scripture, reveals a more accurate model: a four-fold ministry. At its core, this understanding recognizes that all pastors are inherently teachers and that while administrative and teaching functions may manifest differently through spiritual gifts, a true calling to the leadership ministry of pastor necessitates both. Therefore, when teaching and administrative roles appear distinctly separated, with the teacher not functioning as a shepherd and the shepherd not actively teaching, these are manifestations of spiritual gifts (as outlined in Romans 12:6-8) rather than distinct callings to the primary leadership ministry of pastor.
The failure to grasp this distinction, clinging instead to a rigid "five-fold" mentality, carries significant dangers, most notably the erroneous justification for individuals in leadership neglecting their fundamental duty to teach and shepherd holistically.
The primary lens through which to understand the leadership structure of the church is that of functional roles, consistently illuminated throughout Scripture. The terms "pastor," "elder," and "overseer" (bishop) are often used interchangeably to describe those with the primary responsibility for the spiritual care and leadership of a local congregation (Acts 20:17, 28; 1 Peter 5:1-2; Titus 1:5-7).
Crucially, Scripture explicitly mandates that these leaders must possess the ability and commitment to teach. As Paul instructs Titus, an elder "must hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can encourage others by sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it" (Titus 1:9, NIV). Similarly, Paul highlights that elders who "work is preaching and teaching" are worthy of double honour (1 Timothy 5:17, NIV), underscoring the centrality of teaching to their role. The very essence of shepherding, as depicted in Jeremiah 3:15 ("shepherds who will lead you with knowledge and understanding"), demands active teaching and guidance rooted in God's Word.
Within the body of Christ, the spiritual gifts described in Romans 12 (such as administration/leadership - proistēmi - in verses 6-8, and teaching - didaskalia - in verse 7) manifest in diverse ways to serve the church. Individuals with a strong gift of administration may excel in organizing, leading, and managing the practical affairs of the church. Those with the gift of teaching have a particular aptitude for explaining and communicating biblical truth. However, when these gifts operate in isolation at the level of primary leadership, they do not necessarily constitute a calling to the office of pastor/elder.
A true calling to the ministry of a pastor encompasses both the shepherding/administrative functions and the teaching responsibilities. An individual who solely possesses the gift of administration and leads effectively but neglects the consistent teaching of the Word is not fulfilling the biblical mandate for a pastor. While their administrative skills are valuable as a spiritual gift, their lack of teaching disqualifies them from the full role of a shepherd who feeds the flock with knowledge and understanding. Conversely, someone with a strong gift of teaching who primarily focuses on instruction without undertaking the broader care, oversight, and leadership responsibilities of a pastor is operating within their spiritual gift. Their teaching is vital for the church's edification, but it doesn't, in isolation, constitute a pastoral calling.
This understanding is powerfully supported by the linguistic structure of Ephesians 4:11. The coupling of "ποιμένας" (pastors) and "διδασκάλους" (teachers) with the single "τοὺς δὲ" suggests a unified role. The other distinct ministerial callings – apostles, prophets, and evangelists – are presented separately. This implies that the functional role of a pastor inherently includes teaching, unlike the other callings which may utilize the gift of teaching but are not primarily defined by it in this passage.
The correction from a rigid "five-fold" mentality to this functional understanding of a four-fold ministry (Apostles, Prophets, Evangelists, and Pastor-Teachers) is crucial because the misinterpretation carries significant dangers for the body of Christ. Foremost among these is the erroneous justification for individuals in leadership neglecting their fundamental teaching roles while still claiming the title of pastor.
This flawed understanding can lead to a church where the administrative aspects are well-managed, but the spiritual nourishment of the congregation is severely lacking. Similarly, it can elevate gifted teachers to positions of pastoral authority without the accompanying shepherding heart and responsibilities.
The consequences of separating these integral aspects of pastoral leadership are dire:
1. Anemic Spiritual Growth: Congregations led by non-teaching pastors will struggle to grow in spiritual maturity and understanding.
2. Vulnerability to False Doctrine: Without consistent, sound teaching, believers are more susceptible to deception and theological error.
3. Dysfunctional Church Leadership: When administrative skills are prioritized over teaching in pastoral roles, the spiritual direction and guidance of the church suffer. Conversely, teachers without a shepherd's heart may lack the relational and caring aspects crucial for effective church leadership.
4. Misunderstanding of Spiritual Gifts and Callings: Confusing spiritual gifts with ministerial callings leads to an imbalanced understanding of church leadership and the diverse ways God equips His people.
In conclusion, the biblical model reveals that the role of the pastor/elder is inherently defined by both shepherding and teaching. While the gifts of administration and teaching are vital within the church (Romans 12), they do not constitute a calling to the primary leadership ministry of pastor/elder in isolation. A true pastor is a teaching pastor, and a teacher who does not shepherd operates within their spiritual gift. Embracing this functional understanding, supported by Scripture and linguistic nuance, is essential for the spiritual health and effective leadership of the body of Christ, ensuring that those who lead are also diligently feeding and guiding the flock with the truth of God's Word.
Yours in Christ,
Hezekiah Fakeye